Socrates and Political Philosophy

Socratic Trial and Philosophy

• Socrates faced trial for allegedly denying the gods and corrupting Athenian youth.
• He claimed the Delphic oracle, linked to Apollo, prompted him to discover whether he was indeed the wisest man.
• Law mandates obedience, but it also allows for critical dialogue and questioning of its commands.
• Socrates encourages the examination of social practices, demonstrating that every custom is open to scrutiny.

Political Philosophy and Society

• Political philosophy transcends societal norms by questioning fundamental beliefs and assumptions.
• The development of political philosophy occurs when society reflects on its inherent principles.

Thucydides as a Historian

• Thucydides is recognized for his impartial historical analysis, referred to by Rousseau as an exemplary historian.
• He presented historical events factually, refraining from moral judgments, thus allowing readers to interpret the significance.
• His account of the debate between the Athenians and Melians mimics a Platonic dialogue but concludes tragically with the execution of the Melians after their defeat.

Relationship Between Philosophy and Politics

• Unlike Socrates, who would interrogate arguments to reveal deeper philosophical truths, Thucydides' narrative lacks this dialogical aspect.
• The essence of partisanship lies in the belief in freedom of choice regarding how to live, yet there is recognition of the limitations imposed by necessity.

Thucydides' Background

• Author of "History of the Peloponnesian War," little else is documented about Thucydides’ life.
• He served as an Athenian general, suffering defeat at Amphipolis in 424 BC against the Spartan general Brasidas.
• Following his defeat, Thucydides was exiled from Athens for twenty years.
• He survived a plague in Athens, which he detailed in his historical accounts.