Socket Connections and Transport Conversations

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Questions and Answers

What is a socket used for in networking?

To create a secure connection between two devices

To identify an application on a host (correct)

To connect multiple devices to a single host

To route packets between different networks

What is a transport connection/conversation in networking?

A 5-tuple consisting of client IP, client port, server IP, server port, and protocol (correct)

A secure connection using encryption and authentication

A connection between multiple clients and a single server

A single connection between a client and a server

What is the purpose of the 3-way handshake in TCP connection establishment?

To initialize the full-duplex TCP connection (correct)

To establish a secure connection between the client and server

To transfer data between the client and server

To close the TCP connection

What is the main benefit of the TCP protocol's reliable data transfer feature?

Guaranteed delivery of data segments in order Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sequence and acknowledgment numbers in TCP?

To ensure in-order delivery of data segments Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the TCP segment structure?

To transfer data between the client and server Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of flow control in TCP?

To prevent network congestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of TCP's congestion avoidance feature?

Prevention of network congestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a transport layer protocol?

To allow applications running on source and destination hosts to communicate with each other Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of splitting data into small manageable pieces at the transmitting host called?

Segmenting Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of port numbers in the transport layer?

To identify the different applications using the transport layer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following protocols is responsible for ensuring error-free data transfer between applications?

TCP Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of multiplexing in the transport layer?

It allows different applications to exchange data simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of sticking together the small manageable pieces at the receiving host called?

Reassembling Signup and view all the answers

What might be the cause of a sender reducing the number of bytes it sends before receiving an acknowledgment?

Network congestion Signup and view all the answers

How many steps are involved in terminating a TCP connection?

4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sending an ACK segment in the termination of a TCP connection?

To confirm termination Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of setting the FIN flag in the TCP header to 1?

To send a special segment to terminate the connection Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of combining multiple segments into a single segment, as seen in the initialization and termination of a TCP connection?

Piggybacking Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of TCP congestion avoidance?

To prevent network congestion Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sockets and Connections

A socket identifies an application on a host, consisting of an IP address and a port number (e.g., 172.23.2.51:80).
Remote client applications can connect to a socket by creating their own socket.

Transport Connections

A transport connection (conversation) occurs between two sockets over a protocol, identified by a 5-tuple: Client IP, Client Port, Server IP, Server Port, and Protocol.
Examples of connections: 172.23.1.101:4400, 172.23.2.51:80, TCP and 172.23.1.101:4444, 172.23.2.51:80, TCP.

TCP Features

TCP is connection-oriented via a 3-way handshake.
In-order delivery of data segments is guaranteed.
Reliable, guaranteed delivery is ensured.
Flow control and congestion avoidance mechanisms are present.

Initialization of a TCP Connection

A 3-way handshake is required to set up a TCP connection between two hosts.
Three phases are involved: initialization, data transfer, and termination.
Special control bits (TCP flags) are used in the header during each phase.

Transport Layer

The transport layer is responsible for providing reliable data transfer between applications.
Protocols in the transport layer include TCP, UDP, SCTP, and DCCP.
Segmentation and reassembly of data enable multiplexing and identification of applications using port numbers.

TCP Congestion Avoidance

TCP congestion avoidance reduces the number of bytes sent before receiving an acknowledgment when segments are not acknowledged or acknowledged slowly.

Termination of a TCP Connection

A 4-way handshake is used to terminate a TCP connection, involving two steps to end the client-to-server session and two steps to end the server-to-client session.
FIN and ACK segments are exchanged to confirm termination.

Note: These notes focus on the key concepts, facts, and features related to sockets, connections, TCP, and the transport layer, while avoiding repetition and unnecessary information.

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of socket connections, including how clients connect to an application on a host and the role of port numbers. It also touches on transport conversations between two sockets over a protocol.