Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the sociosexual orientation most closely linked to family life?
What is the sociosexual orientation most closely linked to family life?
- LGB orientation
- Heterosexual orientation
- Restricted sociosexual orientation (correct)
- Unrestricted sociosexual orientation
Which group is likely to prefer multiple partners with shorter relationship durations?
Which group is likely to prefer multiple partners with shorter relationship durations?
- Individuals with a personality disorder
- Individuals with a restricted sociosexual orientation
- Individuals with strong prosocial emotions
- Individuals with an unrestricted sociosexual orientation (correct)
What can the lack of ability to form social bonds lead to according to the content?
What can the lack of ability to form social bonds lead to according to the content?
- Enhanced social bonding
- Development of prosocial orientation
- Impaired function of conscience (correct)
- Reduced interest in sexual relationships
What is a common characteristic associated with unrestricted sociosexual orientation?
What is a common characteristic associated with unrestricted sociosexual orientation?
What do individuals typically seek in a partner when considering long-term relationships?
What do individuals typically seek in a partner when considering long-term relationships?
How does sociosexual orientation affect partner preferences?
How does sociosexual orientation affect partner preferences?
What is the most common profile of individuals with the unrestricted sociosexual orientation?
What is the most common profile of individuals with the unrestricted sociosexual orientation?
Which physical feature is mentioned as a clue about testosterone action in a person?
Which physical feature is mentioned as a clue about testosterone action in a person?
What is the primary characteristic of pseudo-love as described in the content?
What is the primary characteristic of pseudo-love as described in the content?
According to the content, what factor contributes to paternal disinvestment?
According to the content, what factor contributes to paternal disinvestment?
Which love form integrates attachment, caregiving, and sexuality to form an exclusive bond?
Which love form integrates attachment, caregiving, and sexuality to form an exclusive bond?
What recent theories suggest about human life history in relation to paternal care?
What recent theories suggest about human life history in relation to paternal care?
What is a noted impact of social circumstances on human behavior regarding power and gender, as per the content?
What is a noted impact of social circumstances on human behavior regarding power and gender, as per the content?
What characteristic is commonly associated with masculine faces?
What characteristic is commonly associated with masculine faces?
Which of the following groups prefers masculine-looking faces for short-term mating?
Which of the following groups prefers masculine-looking faces for short-term mating?
What is the propinquity effect?
What is the propinquity effect?
Assortative mating refers to which phenomenon?
Assortative mating refers to which phenomenon?
How is passionate love characterized?
How is passionate love characterized?
What cognitive feature is indicative of passionate love?
What cognitive feature is indicative of passionate love?
Which of the following aspects of love involves action toward the partner?
Which of the following aspects of love involves action toward the partner?
What is suggested by the statement that love may be understood as a behavioral addiction?
What is suggested by the statement that love may be understood as a behavioral addiction?
Which of the following traits is commonly found among attractive individuals?
Which of the following traits is commonly found among attractive individuals?
Emotional features of passionate love include all of the following except:
Emotional features of passionate love include all of the following except:
Why might relationships last longer according to research?
Why might relationships last longer according to research?
What might be a consequence of physical contact in relationships?
What might be a consequence of physical contact in relationships?
Which of the following behaviors reflects the preoccupation characteristic of passionate love?
Which of the following behaviors reflects the preoccupation characteristic of passionate love?
What primarily triggers the experience of arousal and intensity in love?
What primarily triggers the experience of arousal and intensity in love?
Which neurotransmitter is specifically associated with anxiety relief in the context of love?
Which neurotransmitter is specifically associated with anxiety relief in the context of love?
How does falling in love compare to drug intoxication?
How does falling in love compare to drug intoxication?
What factor is most directly tied to an individual's experience of passionate love?
What factor is most directly tied to an individual's experience of passionate love?
What distinguishes companionate love from passionate love?
What distinguishes companionate love from passionate love?
Which of the following structures in the brain is closely related to the experience of love?
Which of the following structures in the brain is closely related to the experience of love?
How do social bonding and propensity for addiction relate, according to individual differences?
How do social bonding and propensity for addiction relate, according to individual differences?
During which stage do individuals develop the ability to form significant friendships and romantic partnerships?
During which stage do individuals develop the ability to form significant friendships and romantic partnerships?
What role does agency play in mature love relationships?
What role does agency play in mature love relationships?
In what way do friends and partners contribute to an individual's self-expansion?
In what way do friends and partners contribute to an individual's self-expansion?
Which animal model is noted for its study of love bonds in research?
Which animal model is noted for its study of love bonds in research?
What age do surveys indicate is the average for first experiencing passionate love?
What age do surveys indicate is the average for first experiencing passionate love?
Which feature is NOT a characteristic of love bonds in animals like prairie voles?
Which feature is NOT a characteristic of love bonds in animals like prairie voles?
What percentage of individuals in long-term relationships report still feeling passionately in love?
What percentage of individuals in long-term relationships report still feeling passionately in love?
Which of the following is NOT one of the components proposed by Sternberg's theory of romantic love?
Which of the following is NOT one of the components proposed by Sternberg's theory of romantic love?
What is fatuous love characterized by according to Sternberg's theory?
What is fatuous love characterized by according to Sternberg's theory?
Which of the following factors can lead to a decrease in passion in long-term relationships during middle adulthood?
Which of the following factors can lead to a decrease in passion in long-term relationships during middle adulthood?
What does relationship satisfaction primarily predict according to the discussed content?
What does relationship satisfaction primarily predict according to the discussed content?
Which measure is used to assess dyadic adjustment in relationships?
Which measure is used to assess dyadic adjustment in relationships?
Which aspect does the Dyadic Adjustment Scale NOT evaluate?
Which aspect does the Dyadic Adjustment Scale NOT evaluate?
What typically happens to relationship satisfaction during young adulthood according to the disillusionment model?
What typically happens to relationship satisfaction during young adulthood according to the disillusionment model?
What is a critical factor for maintaining relationship satisfaction over time?
What is a critical factor for maintaining relationship satisfaction over time?
How do humans' special touch receptors contribute to relationships?
How do humans' special touch receptors contribute to relationships?
Which factor does NOT contribute to long-term relationship functioning as identified in the content?
Which factor does NOT contribute to long-term relationship functioning as identified in the content?
What happens to relationship satisfaction after adult children move out, according to recent studies?
What happens to relationship satisfaction after adult children move out, according to recent studies?
Which of the following components is NOT correlated with passionate love according to research?
Which of the following components is NOT correlated with passionate love according to research?
What is the primary factor contributing to higher relationship satisfaction among couples?
What is the primary factor contributing to higher relationship satisfaction among couples?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to relationship satisfaction?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to relationship satisfaction?
Which term describes the phenomenon of engaging in sexual relationships outside the primary bond?
Which term describes the phenomenon of engaging in sexual relationships outside the primary bond?
How is polygyny defined in the context of marriage?
How is polygyny defined in the context of marriage?
What cultural institution is considered to be underpinned by the stability of the human pair bond?
What cultural institution is considered to be underpinned by the stability of the human pair bond?
Which of the following is mentioned as a consequence of polygyny in society?
Which of the following is mentioned as a consequence of polygyny in society?
What is one common misconception regarding genetic monogamy among humans?
What is one common misconception regarding genetic monogamy among humans?
What has been linked to a decrease in sexual desire within romantic relationships over time?
What has been linked to a decrease in sexual desire within romantic relationships over time?
What social issue arises from the practice of polygyny, according to the content?
What social issue arises from the practice of polygyny, according to the content?
How does the average man's sexual activity reflect on his sperm count?
How does the average man's sexual activity reflect on his sperm count?
What aspect of social partnerships is highlighted as a crucial determinant of human health?
What aspect of social partnerships is highlighted as a crucial determinant of human health?
Which historical figure is mentioned in connection with genetic monogamy and polygynous marriages?
Which historical figure is mentioned in connection with genetic monogamy and polygynous marriages?
Which factor is likely to lead to dissatisfaction in relationships?
Which factor is likely to lead to dissatisfaction in relationships?
How does social monogamy differ from genetic monogamy in the context of human relationships?
How does social monogamy differ from genetic monogamy in the context of human relationships?
What is the most common family structure in polygynous societies?
What is the most common family structure in polygynous societies?
Which of the following is often associated with polygynous marriages?
Which of the following is often associated with polygynous marriages?
In consensual non-monogamy, which arrangement typically has the lowest relationship satisfaction?
In consensual non-monogamy, which arrangement typically has the lowest relationship satisfaction?
Which common issue is associated with low relationship satisfaction in consensual non-monogamous arrangements?
Which common issue is associated with low relationship satisfaction in consensual non-monogamous arrangements?
What has been the general trend of marriage in the US among adults over 30?
What has been the general trend of marriage in the US among adults over 30?
Which statement correctly describes the living arrangements of many unpartnered adults?
Which statement correctly describes the living arrangements of many unpartnered adults?
Which demographic features the highest rates of children from polygynous families?
Which demographic features the highest rates of children from polygynous families?
What legal development regarding same-sex marriage occurred on June 26, 2015, in the US?
What legal development regarding same-sex marriage occurred on June 26, 2015, in the US?
What is a common outcome for men who are married compared to those who are single?
What is a common outcome for men who are married compared to those who are single?
Which of the following types of consensual non-monogamous relationships typically allows for both sexual and romantic relationships outside the primary partnership?
Which of the following types of consensual non-monogamous relationships typically allows for both sexual and romantic relationships outside the primary partnership?
What is the median duration of marriages in the US?
What is the median duration of marriages in the US?
Which of the following factors can contribute to mental health problems in women within polygynous families?
Which of the following factors can contribute to mental health problems in women within polygynous families?
How many countries had legalized same-sex marriage by 2019?
How many countries had legalized same-sex marriage by 2019?
Which behavior falls under the definition of physical violence according to the CDC National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey?
Which behavior falls under the definition of physical violence according to the CDC National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey?
What criteria qualifies a person as a stalking victim?
What criteria qualifies a person as a stalking victim?
Which type of aggression includes behaviors intended to monitor or control an intimate partner?
Which type of aggression includes behaviors intended to monitor or control an intimate partner?
What percentage of women have experienced any physical violence from an intimate partner?
What percentage of women have experienced any physical violence from an intimate partner?
Which statement about intimate partner abuse (IPV) is correct?
Which statement about intimate partner abuse (IPV) is correct?
What is a common misconception regarding the causes of intimate partner abuse?
What is a common misconception regarding the causes of intimate partner abuse?
Which factor is identified as influencing aggression in relationships?
Which factor is identified as influencing aggression in relationships?
What psychological outcome is often associated with victims of IPV?
What psychological outcome is often associated with victims of IPV?
Which type of violence is characterized by partners occasionally using aggression to resolve conflict?
Which type of violence is characterized by partners occasionally using aggression to resolve conflict?
What is a significant predictor of individuals resorting to violent behavior?
What is a significant predictor of individuals resorting to violent behavior?
Which of the following best describes the impact of early adverse environments on individuals?
Which of the following best describes the impact of early adverse environments on individuals?
What role does psychological abuse play in intimate partner violence?
What role does psychological abuse play in intimate partner violence?
How does psychological aggression differ from physical aggression?
How does psychological aggression differ from physical aggression?
What common viewpoint is held regarding the nature of partner relationships?
What common viewpoint is held regarding the nature of partner relationships?
In which situation is aggressive behavior more likely to manifest according to the discussed factors?
In which situation is aggressive behavior more likely to manifest according to the discussed factors?
What is the primary cause of battering and controlling behaviors according to the Duluth Model?
What is the primary cause of battering and controlling behaviors according to the Duluth Model?
What is a common outcome for victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) as reported in the statistics?
What is a common outcome for victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) as reported in the statistics?
Which of the following statements about traumatic bonding is correct?
Which of the following statements about traumatic bonding is correct?
What is a suggested preventive measure to combat intimate partner violence?
What is a suggested preventive measure to combat intimate partner violence?
What psychological factor is often linked to IPV perpetrators in WEIRD nations?
What psychological factor is often linked to IPV perpetrators in WEIRD nations?
What is one implication of the Duluth Model regarding the behaviors of male perpetrators?
What is one implication of the Duluth Model regarding the behaviors of male perpetrators?
What characteristic is connected to the high prevalence of IPV in certain societies?
What characteristic is connected to the high prevalence of IPV in certain societies?
Which outcome is more commonly reported by women than men experiencing IPV?
Which outcome is more commonly reported by women than men experiencing IPV?
The Duluth Power and Control Wheel serves to illustrate what concept?
The Duluth Power and Control Wheel serves to illustrate what concept?
What behavior is often associated with male dominance in IPV situations?
What behavior is often associated with male dominance in IPV situations?
What factor does NOT play a role in predicting traumatic bonding among IPV victims?
What factor does NOT play a role in predicting traumatic bonding among IPV victims?
Which species exhibits behavior comparable to human IPV, as mentioned in the content?
Which species exhibits behavior comparable to human IPV, as mentioned in the content?
What biological response is linked to traumatic bonding in IPV victims?
What biological response is linked to traumatic bonding in IPV victims?
Why might some partners find it difficult to leave abusive relationships?
Why might some partners find it difficult to leave abusive relationships?
What aspect primarily differentiates intimate partner terrorism from situational couple violence?
What aspect primarily differentiates intimate partner terrorism from situational couple violence?
What developmental factor is linked to the propensity for intimate partner terrorism?
What developmental factor is linked to the propensity for intimate partner terrorism?
Which statement about situational couple violence is accurate?
Which statement about situational couple violence is accurate?
Which factor increases the likelihood of a boy becoming a perpetrator of intimate partner terrorism later in life?
Which factor increases the likelihood of a boy becoming a perpetrator of intimate partner terrorism later in life?
Which of the following can be an effect of excessive power orientation in relationships?
Which of the following can be an effect of excessive power orientation in relationships?
What role does culture play in situational couple violence?
What role does culture play in situational couple violence?
What is a key characteristic of the control exerted by perpetrators in intimate partner terrorism?
What is a key characteristic of the control exerted by perpetrators in intimate partner terrorism?
What should treatment for situational couple violence include?
What should treatment for situational couple violence include?
What is a distinguishing feature of 'mutually violent control' in intimate partner relationships?
What is a distinguishing feature of 'mutually violent control' in intimate partner relationships?
Which behavior is NOT typically exhibited in intimate partner terrorism?
Which behavior is NOT typically exhibited in intimate partner terrorism?
What may exacerbate the likelihood of situational couple violence?
What may exacerbate the likelihood of situational couple violence?
What is the primary impact of intimate partner terrorism on victims compared to situational couple violence?
What is the primary impact of intimate partner terrorism on victims compared to situational couple violence?
Which statement best describes situational couple violence?
Which statement best describes situational couple violence?
What can be said about the prevalence of psychological aggression in intimate partner relationships?
What can be said about the prevalence of psychological aggression in intimate partner relationships?
Which behavior may indicate psychological aggression in intimate partner violence?
Which behavior may indicate psychological aggression in intimate partner violence?
Flashcards
Unrestricted Sociosexual Orientation
Unrestricted Sociosexual Orientation
A personality trait describing an individual's inclination towards casual sex and a preference for multiple partners.
Restricted Sociosexual Orientation
Restricted Sociosexual Orientation
A personality trait describing an individual's preference for long-term, committed relationships and a preference for fewer partners.
Facial Feature Preferences in Mate Selection
Facial Feature Preferences in Mate Selection
The tendency for men and women to prioritize different facial features when choosing a partner for short-term or long-term relationships.
Testosterone
Testosterone
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Facial Masculinity/Femininity
Facial Masculinity/Femininity
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Mate Selection Based on Physical Attributes
Mate Selection Based on Physical Attributes
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Social Bonding
Social Bonding
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
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Masculine Facial Features
Masculine Facial Features
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Propinquity Effect
Propinquity Effect
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Assortative Mating
Assortative Mating
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Passionate Love
Passionate Love
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Cognitive Features of Passionate Love
Cognitive Features of Passionate Love
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Emotional Features of Passionate Love
Emotional Features of Passionate Love
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Behavioral Features of Passionate Love
Behavioral Features of Passionate Love
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Love and Drug Addiction
Love and Drug Addiction
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Passionate Love Scale
Passionate Love Scale
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Attractiveness Bias
Attractiveness Bias
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Attractiveness and Narcissism
Attractiveness and Narcissism
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Propinquity and Relationship Formation
Propinquity and Relationship Formation
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Partners Matching Across Characteristics
Partners Matching Across Characteristics
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Relationship Duration and Similarity
Relationship Duration and Similarity
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Brain Remodeling in Love
Brain Remodeling in Love
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Companionate Love
Companionate Love
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Attachment System
Attachment System
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Caregiving System
Caregiving System
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Sexual System
Sexual System
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Reward Sensitivity
Reward Sensitivity
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Self-Expansion Model
Self-Expansion Model
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Agency
Agency
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Power Motives
Power Motives
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Identity vs. Role Confusion
Identity vs. Role Confusion
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Intimacy vs. Isolation
Intimacy vs. Isolation
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Fidelity
Fidelity
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Anxious Attachment Style
Anxious Attachment Style
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Avoidant Attachment Style
Avoidant Attachment Style
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Dopamine
Dopamine
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Triangular Theory of Love
Triangular Theory of Love
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Consummate Love
Consummate Love
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Fatuous Love
Fatuous Love
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Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS)
Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS)
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Relationship Satisfaction
Relationship Satisfaction
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Honeymoon Phase
Honeymoon Phase
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Disillusionment Model
Disillusionment Model
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Affectionate Expression
Affectionate Expression
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Dyadic Brain Function
Dyadic Brain Function
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Self-Expansion
Self-Expansion
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Shared Experiences
Shared Experiences
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Passion Decline in Middle Adulthood
Passion Decline in Middle Adulthood
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Passion Return in Later Life
Passion Return in Later Life
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Social Monogamy
Social Monogamy
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Genetic Monogamy
Genetic Monogamy
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EPCs (Extra-pair Copulations)
EPCs (Extra-pair Copulations)
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Polygyny
Polygyny
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Polyandry
Polyandry
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Sex Ratio and Monogamy
Sex Ratio and Monogamy
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Marriage and Pair Bonding
Marriage and Pair Bonding
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Conflict Resolution
Conflict Resolution
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Intimacy
Intimacy
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Shared Activities
Shared Activities
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Sexual Intimacy
Sexual Intimacy
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Need Fulfillment
Need Fulfillment
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Relationship Ideals
Relationship Ideals
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Human Male Reproduction and Monogamy
Human Male Reproduction and Monogamy
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Swinging
Swinging
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Open Relationships
Open Relationships
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Consensual Non-Monogamy (CNM)
Consensual Non-Monogamy (CNM)
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Monogamy
Monogamy
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Mental Health Risks for Women in Polygynous Families
Mental Health Risks for Women in Polygynous Families
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Polygyny and Child Outcomes
Polygyny and Child Outcomes
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Factors Affecting Relationship Satisfaction in CNM
Factors Affecting Relationship Satisfaction in CNM
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Declining Marriage Rates
Declining Marriage Rates
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Same-Sex Marriage
Same-Sex Marriage
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Advantages of Social Partnerships
Advantages of Social Partnerships
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Challenges for Unpartnered Adults
Challenges for Unpartnered Adults
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Marriage and Men's Earnings
Marriage and Men's Earnings
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Intimate Partner Abuse
Intimate Partner Abuse
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Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)
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Psychological Abuse
Psychological Abuse
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Need for Power
Need for Power
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Self-Regulation
Self-Regulation
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Situational Couple Violence
Situational Couple Violence
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Adverse Early Environments
Adverse Early Environments
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Cultural Beliefs about Masculinity
Cultural Beliefs about Masculinity
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Power Motivation Over Love
Power Motivation Over Love
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Empathy
Empathy
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Prosocial Orientation
Prosocial Orientation
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Hostile Aggression
Hostile Aggression
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Instrumental Aggression
Instrumental Aggression
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IPV Prediction Model
IPV Prediction Model
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Patriarchy and IPV
Patriarchy and IPV
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Gender-Neutral IPV
Gender-Neutral IPV
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Pseudo-Love
Pseudo-Love
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Mate Guarding Theory
Mate Guarding Theory
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Genetic Predisposition to Slavery
Genetic Predisposition to Slavery
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Intimate Partner Terrorism (IPT)
Intimate Partner Terrorism (IPT)
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Situational Couple Violence (SCV)
Situational Couple Violence (SCV)
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Coercive Control
Coercive Control
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Poor Self-Regulation
Poor Self-Regulation
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Mutually Violent Control
Mutually Violent Control
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Alternating Good-Bad Treatment
Alternating Good-Bad Treatment
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Lifetime Prevalence of Psychological Violence
Lifetime Prevalence of Psychological Violence
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Psychological Aggression
Psychological Aggression
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Expressive Aggression
Expressive Aggression
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Communication Skills
Communication Skills
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Culture's Influence on Violence
Culture's Influence on Violence
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Duluth Model of IPV
Duluth Model of IPV
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Duluth Power and Control Wheel
Duluth Power and Control Wheel
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Patriarchy
Patriarchy
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Male Privilege as an Excuse for IPV
Male Privilege as an Excuse for IPV
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Traumatic Bonding
Traumatic Bonding
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Why Battered Partners Don't Leave
Why Battered Partners Don't Leave
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Battered Women's Syndrome
Battered Women's Syndrome
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Biological Basis of Traumatic Bonding
Biological Basis of Traumatic Bonding
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Predicting Traumatic Bonding
Predicting Traumatic Bonding
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Primate Aggression and Sexual Coercion
Primate Aggression and Sexual Coercion
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Hamadryas Baboon Social Structure
Hamadryas Baboon Social Structure
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Human Evolutionary Theory and Caring Bonds
Human Evolutionary Theory and Caring Bonds
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Trafficking and Lack of Choice in Partners
Trafficking and Lack of Choice in Partners
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Paternal Disinvestment
Paternal Disinvestment
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Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence
Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence
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Study Notes
Human Intimate Partnerships and Love
- Individual Differences in Social Bonding: Sociosexual orientation, a key sexual variable linked to family life, affects the experience of love and the number of lifetime partners.
- Individuals with restricted sociosexual orientation tend to form exclusive bonds, while those with unrestricted orientation prefer multiple partners and shorter-term relationships.
- Unrestricted orientation is linked to lower relationship quality and infidelity. It is also found in individuals with personality disorders and impaired prosocial emotions.
- Unrestricted orientation is a risk factor interacting with early experiences to shape adult personality and relationship functioning.
Facial Features and Partner Preferences
- Attractiveness and Sociosexual Orientation: Facial features, particularly masculine or feminine traits, signal underlying biological factors such as testosterone action.
- Masculine features, like a wide face, wider space between eyes, wide nose, thin lips & a large lower face, are associated with perceived strength of the immune system, social dominance and attraction for short-term partners, especially by gay men and heterosexual women, for potential sexual partners.
Proximity and Assortative Mating
- Propinquity Effect: Proximity or repeated encounters significantly influence friendship and romantic relationship formation.
- People are more likely to develop relationships with those they encounter frequently.
- This effect is partially random.
- Assortative Mating: Partners are often systematically similar in physical attractiveness, education, values, mental well-being, personality traits, and mental health conditions. Similarity predicts longer-lasting relationships.
Love and Bonding
- Love as Social Addiction: Social attachment may be a behavioral addiction, where individuals are addicted to social reward cues.
- Components of Passionate Love: Passionate love encompasses:
- Intense longing for union.
- High reward from the sight, sound, smell, taste, and feel of the other.
- Brain remodeling in frontal cortex and other brain regions.
- Similarities to drug addiction (arousal, intensity, excitement, risk of negative emotions).
Passionate Love Scale
- Cognitive, Emotional and Behavioral Manifestations: The scale assesses features of love, including preoccupation, idealization, attraction, longing, joy & negative emotions.
- The scale highlights behaviours involved in caring for and getting to know another person.
Maturity and Passionate Love
- Erikson's Stages: Identity development is crucial.
- Fidelity(ability to have fulfilling relationships) stems from identity.
- The intimacy vs. isolation stage is impacted by prior identity formation and is where relationships are established.
- Loving a mature person requires that the partner does not experience difficulty establishing healthy relationships.
Power Motives and Relationships
- Agency and Relationships: Agency is important for relationship success, but excessive power motivation can damage relationships.
- Self Expansion Theory: Forming relationships with friends and partners helps people develop their agency by increasing their resources (physical, informational, and social) to achieve goals.
- Partners will tend to absorb aspects of each other's identities through the expansion of experiences.
Love Components & Types
- Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love: Love involves three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment.
- Consummate love is comprised of all three elements.
- Passionate love includes intimacy and passion
- Companionate love includes intimacy and commitment, but not passion.
- Fatuous love is less empirically supported.
- Passion Diminishment with Time
- Passion can decrease over time in long-term relationships and can return if people work less and children reach adulthood
- Growing apart, or stopping the self-expansion of each other is one reason relationships may not last.
Dyadic Adjustment and Relationship Satisfaction
- Dyadic Adjustment Scale: Assesses relationship characteristics like consensus on important matters. Quality relationships are based on a balance between caring and conflict.
- Relationship Satisfaction: Key to overall well-being; satisfaction involves a positive attitude toward partners and the feeling that their needs are met.
- Young adulthood satisfaction tends to decrease due to family and work stresses.
- Relationship satisfaction can increase in middle adulthood for couples that stay together.
Quality of Marriage Index
- Components of Relationship Satisfaction:
- Couple interaction & communication
- Intimacy
- Time spent together
- Sex
- Need fulfillment
- Relationship ideals
Social Partnerships
- Social vs. Genetic Monogamy: Social monogamy, where couples share resources and raise offspring, is more prevalent than genetic monogamy (exclusive sexual contact).
- Humans typically exhibit social monogamy with exceptions associated with high status males who demonstrate polygyny.
- Human Mating Adaptations: Humans have physiological traits (e.g., smaller testicles, lower sperm counts) indicative of social monogamy.
Marriage
- Marriage Across Cultures: Monogamy is the most common but not universally practiced marriage arrangement.
- Polygyny leads to social complexities due to a higher amount of unpartnered males.
- Polygyny Consequences:
- Potential for violence, conflict, and societal instability.
- Potential impacts on children, particularly in the area of mental health, and overall social adjustment.
Same-sex Marriage
- Legalization Trends: Same-sex marriage has become increasingly legally recognized globally.
Unpartnered Adults
- Unpartnered Individuals: Increased rates of unpartnered adults have lower economic and health outcomes, impacting this demographic compared to previously partnered adults.
- Factors influence financial capacity, increasing societal isolation.
Intimate Partner Abuse
- Definitions: Intimate partner violence (IPV) comprises physical, sexual, emotional, and psychological abuse.
- Prevalence of IPV: Severe partner abuse affects nearly half of all American adults in their lifetime.
Nature and Causes of Aggression
- Love vs. Power:
- Aggression is used to assert power.
- Self-regulation and dominance motivation are critical contributing factors.
- Development of Aggression:
- Prosocial behaviour influences aggression levels.
- Adverse early environments impair self-regulation and thus increase violence potential.
- Types of Abuse:
- Situational couple violence
- Intimate terrorism.
- Reasons Victims Stay: Traumatic bonding
Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence
- Impacts for Victims: High rates of injury, fear, mental health concerns, and other consequences.
Ultimate Causation and IPV
- Evolutionary Perspectives: Human social structure may involve both caring and ownership bonds.
- The prevalence of male-female domestic violence is not easily explained by current evolutionary theory. Alternative theories propose that other mating systems may have affected humans in ways that are not always clear.
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