Sociosexual Orientation and Relationships Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the sociosexual orientation most closely linked to family life?

  • LGB orientation
  • Heterosexual orientation
  • Restricted sociosexual orientation (correct)
  • Unrestricted sociosexual orientation

    • Which group is likely to prefer multiple partners with shorter relationship durations?

  • Individuals with a personality disorder
  • Individuals with a restricted sociosexual orientation
  • Individuals with strong prosocial emotions
  • Individuals with an unrestricted sociosexual orientation (correct)

    • What can the lack of ability to form social bonds lead to according to the content?

  • Enhanced social bonding
  • Development of prosocial orientation
  • Impaired function of conscience (correct)
  • Reduced interest in sexual relationships

    • What is a common characteristic associated with unrestricted sociosexual orientation?

    <p>Presence of personality disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do individuals typically seek in a partner when considering long-term relationships?

    <p>Adaptive personality traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does sociosexual orientation affect partner preferences?

    <p>It influences the attributes sought in partners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common profile of individuals with the unrestricted sociosexual orientation?

    <p>They have impaired prosocial emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical feature is mentioned as a clue about testosterone action in a person?

    <p>Facial features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of pseudo-love as described in the content?

    <p>It involves guarding and possession of partners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what factor contributes to paternal disinvestment?

    <p>Diversion of resources towards personal lifestyles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which love form integrates attachment, caregiving, and sexuality to form an exclusive bond?

    <p>Passionate love</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What recent theories suggest about human life history in relation to paternal care?

    <p>Human evolution favored mate guarding strategies over paternal care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a noted impact of social circumstances on human behavior regarding power and gender, as per the content?

    <p>It leads to a predisposition toward slavery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is commonly associated with masculine faces?

    <p>Wide face with large lower jaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups prefers masculine-looking faces for short-term mating?

    <p>Heterosexual women and gay men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the propinquity effect?

    <p>The likelihood of forming friendships with those encountered frequently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Assortative mating refers to which phenomenon?

    <p>Systematic matching based on shared characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is passionate love characterized?

    <p>An intense longing for physical closeness and union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive feature is indicative of passionate love?

    <p>Idealization and preoccupation with the partner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aspects of love involves action toward the partner?

    <p>Behavioral features like care and support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested by the statement that love may be understood as a behavioral addiction?

    <p>It involves compulsively seeking attention from partners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following traits is commonly found among attractive individuals?

    <p>Narcissistic personality traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Emotional features of passionate love include all of the following except:

    <p>Desire for independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might relationships last longer according to research?

    <p>Similarities among partners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a consequence of physical contact in relationships?

    <p>Development of passionate love</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following behaviors reflects the preoccupation characteristic of passionate love?

    <p>Intense concentration on one's partner's needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily triggers the experience of arousal and intensity in love?

    <p>Stimulation of neurotransmitter systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is specifically associated with anxiety relief in the context of love?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does falling in love compare to drug intoxication?

    <p>Both create ecstasy followed by withdrawal symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is most directly tied to an individual's experience of passionate love?

    <p>Their attachment style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes companionate love from passionate love?

    <p>It does not involve sexuality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures in the brain is closely related to the experience of love?

    <p>Reward regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do social bonding and propensity for addiction relate, according to individual differences?

    <p>They stem from variations in neurotransmitter functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage do individuals develop the ability to form significant friendships and romantic partnerships?

    <p>Intimacy vs. Isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does agency play in mature love relationships?

    <p>It helps preserve the relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do friends and partners contribute to an individual's self-expansion?

    <p>By offering new resources and learning opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animal model is noted for its study of love bonds in research?

    <p>Prairie vole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age do surveys indicate is the average for first experiencing passionate love?

    <p>16 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is NOT a characteristic of love bonds in animals like prairie voles?

    <p>Indifference to partner separation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of individuals in long-term relationships report still feeling passionately in love?

    <p>29%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the components proposed by Sternberg's theory of romantic love?

    <p>Affection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fatuous love characterized by according to Sternberg's theory?

    <p>Passion and commitment without intimacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can lead to a decrease in passion in long-term relationships during middle adulthood?

    <p>Work and raising children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does relationship satisfaction primarily predict according to the discussed content?

    <p>Overall health and wellbeing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure is used to assess dyadic adjustment in relationships?

    <p>Dyadic Adjustment Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does the Dyadic Adjustment Scale NOT evaluate?

    <p>Individual career satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically happens to relationship satisfaction during young adulthood according to the disillusionment model?

    <p>It tends to decline due to the stress of children and work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical factor for maintaining relationship satisfaction over time?

    <p>Regular acts of affection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do humans' special touch receptors contribute to relationships?

    <p>By relieving pain and anxiety through stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT contribute to long-term relationship functioning as identified in the content?

    <p>Increased work hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to relationship satisfaction after adult children move out, according to recent studies?

    <p>It can increase for couples who stay together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is NOT correlated with passionate love according to research?

    <p>Commitment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor contributing to higher relationship satisfaction among couples?

    <p>Active communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to relationship satisfaction?

    <p>Shared hobbies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the phenomenon of engaging in sexual relationships outside the primary bond?

    <p>Extra-pair copulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is polygyny defined in the context of marriage?

    <p>One male with multiple females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cultural institution is considered to be underpinned by the stability of the human pair bond?

    <p>Marriage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is mentioned as a consequence of polygyny in society?

    <p>Increased opportunities for warfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common misconception regarding genetic monogamy among humans?

    <p>It is more common than social monogamy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been linked to a decrease in sexual desire within romantic relationships over time?

    <p>Lack of satisfying sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What social issue arises from the practice of polygyny, according to the content?

    <p>Homelessness among excess young males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the average man's sexual activity reflect on his sperm count?

    <p>Frequent sex leads to lower sperm counts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of social partnerships is highlighted as a crucial determinant of human health?

    <p>Quality of the social partnership</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which historical figure is mentioned in connection with genetic monogamy and polygynous marriages?

    <p>Genghis Khan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is likely to lead to dissatisfaction in relationships?

    <p>Unrealistic expectations from the partner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does social monogamy differ from genetic monogamy in the context of human relationships?

    <p>Genetic monogamy entails physical fidelity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common family structure in polygynous societies?

    <p>Single marriage relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is often associated with polygynous marriages?

    <p>Increased risk of trafficking of women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In consensual non-monogamy, which arrangement typically has the lowest relationship satisfaction?

    <p>Open relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which common issue is associated with low relationship satisfaction in consensual non-monogamous arrangements?

    <p>Poor communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been the general trend of marriage in the US among adults over 30?

    <p>Decline in marriage rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the living arrangements of many unpartnered adults?

    <p>They often live with their parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic features the highest rates of children from polygynous families?

    <p>Higher mortality rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What legal development regarding same-sex marriage occurred on June 26, 2015, in the US?

    <p>Same-sex marriage was established as a right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome for men who are married compared to those who are single?

    <p>Higher earnings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of consensual non-monogamous relationships typically allows for both sexual and romantic relationships outside the primary partnership?

    <p>Polyamorous relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the median duration of marriages in the US?

    <p>25 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can contribute to mental health problems in women within polygynous families?

    <p>Isolation and competition among co-wives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many countries had legalized same-sex marriage by 2019?

    <p>31</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior falls under the definition of physical violence according to the CDC National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey?

    <p>Being slapped or pushed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What criteria qualifies a person as a stalking victim?

    <p>Experiencing stalking tactics multiple times by the same perpetrator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aggression includes behaviors intended to monitor or control an intimate partner?

    <p>Coercive control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of women have experienced any physical violence from an intimate partner?

    <p>42.0%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about intimate partner abuse (IPV) is correct?

    <p>IPV can occur equally among men and women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding the causes of intimate partner abuse?

    <p>It is only due to economic factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is identified as influencing aggression in relationships?

    <p>Cultural beliefs about aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological outcome is often associated with victims of IPV?

    <p>Mental health challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of violence is characterized by partners occasionally using aggression to resolve conflict?

    <p>Situational couple violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant predictor of individuals resorting to violent behavior?

    <p>Poor self-regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the impact of early adverse environments on individuals?

    <p>They predispose individuals towards violence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does psychological abuse play in intimate partner violence?

    <p>It involves emotional harm and control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does psychological aggression differ from physical aggression?

    <p>It includes non-physical actions aimed to harm emotionally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common viewpoint is held regarding the nature of partner relationships?

    <p>They can include power and control dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation is aggressive behavior more likely to manifest according to the discussed factors?

    <p>Poor self-regulation states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of battering and controlling behaviors according to the Duluth Model?

    <p>Patriarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome for victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) as reported in the statistics?

    <p>Fearful of their partner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about traumatic bonding is correct?

    <p>It leads to a stronger attachment to the abuser.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a suggested preventive measure to combat intimate partner violence?

    <p>Nurturing boys into caring individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological factor is often linked to IPV perpetrators in WEIRD nations?

    <p>Personality disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one implication of the Duluth Model regarding the behaviors of male perpetrators?

    <p>They may use male privilege as an excuse for abusive behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is connected to the high prevalence of IPV in certain societies?

    <p>Trafficking of females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which outcome is more commonly reported by women than men experiencing IPV?

    <p>Concern for safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Duluth Power and Control Wheel serves to illustrate what concept?

    <p>The complexities of IPV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior is often associated with male dominance in IPV situations?

    <p>Aggression towards female partners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor does NOT play a role in predicting traumatic bonding among IPV victims?

    <p>Historical context of the abuser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species exhibits behavior comparable to human IPV, as mentioned in the content?

    <p>Hamadryas baboons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What biological response is linked to traumatic bonding in IPV victims?

    <p>Hyperactivation of attachment systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might some partners find it difficult to leave abusive relationships?

    <p>They have strong emotional connections with the abuser.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect primarily differentiates intimate partner terrorism from situational couple violence?

    <p>Power dynamics and control over the partner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What developmental factor is linked to the propensity for intimate partner terrorism?

    <p>Absence of empathy and prosocial orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about situational couple violence is accurate?

    <p>It is commonly equal among genders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor increases the likelihood of a boy becoming a perpetrator of intimate partner terrorism later in life?

    <p>Experience of parental intimate partner violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be an effect of excessive power orientation in relationships?

    <p>Deterioration of healthy relationship dynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does culture play in situational couple violence?

    <p>It may influence beliefs about the legitimacy of violence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the control exerted by perpetrators in intimate partner terrorism?

    <p>It often begins after the relationship is established.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should treatment for situational couple violence include?

    <p>Training in self-regulation and communication skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of 'mutually violent control' in intimate partner relationships?

    <p>Both partners attempt to gain control over each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior is NOT typically exhibited in intimate partner terrorism?

    <p>Encouraging independent social interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may exacerbate the likelihood of situational couple violence?

    <p>Substance abuse or intoxication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of intimate partner terrorism on victims compared to situational couple violence?

    <p>Stronger emotional and psychological harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes situational couple violence?

    <p>It usually occurs in isolated incidents during conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be said about the prevalence of psychological aggression in intimate partner relationships?

    <p>It is rarely found in healthy relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior may indicate psychological aggression in intimate partner violence?

    <p>Humiliating the partner in social settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Human Intimate Partnerships and Love

    • Individual Differences in Social Bonding: Sociosexual orientation, a key sexual variable linked to family life, affects the experience of love and the number of lifetime partners.
      • Individuals with restricted sociosexual orientation tend to form exclusive bonds, while those with unrestricted orientation prefer multiple partners and shorter-term relationships.
      • Unrestricted orientation is linked to lower relationship quality and infidelity. It is also found in individuals with personality disorders and impaired prosocial emotions.
      • Unrestricted orientation is a risk factor interacting with early experiences to shape adult personality and relationship functioning.

    Facial Features and Partner Preferences

    • Attractiveness and Sociosexual Orientation: Facial features, particularly masculine or feminine traits, signal underlying biological factors such as testosterone action.
      • Masculine features, like a wide face, wider space between eyes, wide nose, thin lips & a large lower face, are associated with perceived strength of the immune system, social dominance and attraction for short-term partners, especially by gay men and heterosexual women, for potential sexual partners.

    Proximity and Assortative Mating

    • Propinquity Effect: Proximity or repeated encounters significantly influence friendship and romantic relationship formation.
      • People are more likely to develop relationships with those they encounter frequently.
      • This effect is partially random.
    • Assortative Mating: Partners are often systematically similar in physical attractiveness, education, values, mental well-being, personality traits, and mental health conditions. Similarity predicts longer-lasting relationships.

    Love and Bonding

    • Love as Social Addiction: Social attachment may be a behavioral addiction, where individuals are addicted to social reward cues.
    • Components of Passionate Love: Passionate love encompasses:
      • Intense longing for union.
      • High reward from the sight, sound, smell, taste, and feel of the other.
      • Brain remodeling in frontal cortex and other brain regions.
      • Similarities to drug addiction (arousal, intensity, excitement, risk of negative emotions).

    Passionate Love Scale

    • Cognitive, Emotional and Behavioral Manifestations: The scale assesses features of love, including preoccupation, idealization, attraction, longing, joy & negative emotions.
      • The scale highlights behaviours involved in caring for and getting to know another person.

    Maturity and Passionate Love

    • Erikson's Stages: Identity development is crucial.
      • Fidelity(ability to have fulfilling relationships) stems from identity.
      • The intimacy vs. isolation stage is impacted by prior identity formation and is where relationships are established.
      • Loving a mature person requires that the partner does not experience difficulty establishing healthy relationships.

    Power Motives and Relationships

    • Agency and Relationships: Agency is important for relationship success, but excessive power motivation can damage relationships.
    • Self Expansion Theory: Forming relationships with friends and partners helps people develop their agency by increasing their resources (physical, informational, and social) to achieve goals.
      • Partners will tend to absorb aspects of each other's identities through the expansion of experiences.

    Love Components & Types

    • Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love: Love involves three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment.
      • Consummate love is comprised of all three elements.
      • Passionate love includes intimacy and passion
      • Companionate love includes intimacy and commitment, but not passion.
      • Fatuous love is less empirically supported.
    • Passion Diminishment with Time
      • Passion can decrease over time in long-term relationships and can return if people work less and children reach adulthood
      • Growing apart, or stopping the self-expansion of each other is one reason relationships may not last.

    Dyadic Adjustment and Relationship Satisfaction

    • Dyadic Adjustment Scale: Assesses relationship characteristics like consensus on important matters. Quality relationships are based on a balance between caring and conflict.
    • Relationship Satisfaction: Key to overall well-being; satisfaction involves a positive attitude toward partners and the feeling that their needs are met.
      • Young adulthood satisfaction tends to decrease due to family and work stresses.
      • Relationship satisfaction can increase in middle adulthood for couples that stay together.

    Quality of Marriage Index

    • Components of Relationship Satisfaction:
      • Couple interaction & communication
      • Intimacy
      • Time spent together
      • Sex
      • Need fulfillment
      • Relationship ideals

    Social Partnerships

    • Social vs. Genetic Monogamy: Social monogamy, where couples share resources and raise offspring, is more prevalent than genetic monogamy (exclusive sexual contact).
      • Humans typically exhibit social monogamy with exceptions associated with high status males who demonstrate polygyny.
    • Human Mating Adaptations: Humans have physiological traits (e.g., smaller testicles, lower sperm counts) indicative of social monogamy.

    Marriage

    • Marriage Across Cultures: Monogamy is the most common but not universally practiced marriage arrangement.
      • Polygyny leads to social complexities due to a higher amount of unpartnered males.
    • Polygyny Consequences:
      • Potential for violence, conflict, and societal instability.
      • Potential impacts on children, particularly in the area of mental health, and overall social adjustment.

    Same-sex Marriage

    • Legalization Trends: Same-sex marriage has become increasingly legally recognized globally.

    Unpartnered Adults

    • Unpartnered Individuals: Increased rates of unpartnered adults have lower economic and health outcomes, impacting this demographic compared to previously partnered adults.
      • Factors influence financial capacity, increasing societal isolation.

    Intimate Partner Abuse

    • Definitions: Intimate partner violence (IPV) comprises physical, sexual, emotional, and psychological abuse.
    • Prevalence of IPV: Severe partner abuse affects nearly half of all American adults in their lifetime.

    Nature and Causes of Aggression

    • Love vs. Power:
      • Aggression is used to assert power.
      • Self-regulation and dominance motivation are critical contributing factors.
    • Development of Aggression:
      • Prosocial behaviour influences aggression levels.
      • Adverse early environments impair self-regulation and thus increase violence potential.
    • Types of Abuse:
      • Situational couple violence
      • Intimate terrorism.
    • Reasons Victims Stay: Traumatic bonding

    Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence

    • Impacts for Victims: High rates of injury, fear, mental health concerns, and other consequences.

    Ultimate Causation and IPV

    • Evolutionary Perspectives: Human social structure may involve both caring and ownership bonds.
      • The prevalence of male-female domestic violence is not easily explained by current evolutionary theory. Alternative theories propose that other mating systems may have affected humans in ways that are not always clear.

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    Explore the concepts of sociosexual orientation and its impact on relationships through this engaging quiz. Test your knowledge on how different orientations influence partner preferences, relationship durations, and social bond formations. Discover the characteristics of individuals with unrestricted sociosexual orientation.

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