Sociology Test #1 Flashcards

The 'Nacirema' are defined in McIntyre as a tribe of people living between Canada and Mexico who have bizarre ritual patterns that are centered around the belief that their bodies are ugly and how sadistic witches teach them ways to better their bodies and purify themselves.

The article explained the strange rituals of the Nacirema, such as women baking their heads and faces and people sticking needles into other people.

The scientific study of human societies and social interactions.

<p>The application of systematic methods to obtain knowledge; explain, generalize, and predict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An attempt to objectively understand the social world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An approach to understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship between individual experiences and forces in the larger society that shape our actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Private matters involving individuals' personal characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These occur at the societal level and often have nothing to do with individual shortcomings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of people who share a culture and a territory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All that humans learn to do, to use, to produce, to know, and to believe as they live in a social group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social upheaval in Europe, expansion of imperialism, and the success of natural sciences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The application of the scientific approach to the social world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Considered the founder of sociology; studied social statics and dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contributed to Conflict Theory and discussed class conflict or struggle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compared society to organisms and incorporated the idea of Social Darwinism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Believed people are the product of their social environment; studied social integration and suicide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Used the term 'Verstehen' and emphasized sympathetic understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first woman sociologist; translated Comte's works into English.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focused on social justice and founded Hull House.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First African American to earn a doctorate at Harvard; published over 2,000 works.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Views society as a system of interrelated parts that operate harmoniously; criticized for difficulty in accounting for change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A circular argument; such as crime playing a functional role because it exists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sees society as constantly changing due to social inequality; criticized for failing to address social stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focuses on how individuals interpret their social world; criticized for not accounting for larger societal elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concerned with large-scale patterns that characterize society as a whole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concerned with small-scale patterns of social interaction in specific settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Questions that can be answered by observing the world (e.g., popular foods in the cafeteria).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A testable statement about the expected relationship between two or more variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Something that can change or be different from case to case.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protestants are more likely than Catholics to vote Democrat; independent variable is religion and dependent variable is voting likelihood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Select a topic, 2. Define the problem, 3. Review previous research, 4. Develop hypotheses, 5. Determine research design, 6. Define sample and collect data, 7. Analyze results, 8. Prepare research report.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A subset of the population; they save time, money, and resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extent to which a study can be reproduced and yield consistent results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extent to which a study tests what it was designed to test.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All the objects people make and/or use that distinguish a group of people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group's way of thinking and doing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of one's own culture as a yardstick for judging the practices of another culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding people by the standards of their own culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disorientation that people experience when they encounter a very different culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Something to which people attach meaning and use to communicate with each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system of symbols with standard meanings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-verbal ways people use their bodies to communicate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Standards by which groups define attributes as good or bad.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expectations or 'rules' of social behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expressions of approval or disapproval for upholding or violating norms; types include positive/informal, positive/formal, negative/informal, and negative/formal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Norms that are not strictly enforced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Norms that are strictly enforced because they are essential to maintaining values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Norms that are so strong that violation brings revulsion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>We know/understand the world only in terms of our language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process by which people learn the characteristics of their group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examples include family, religion, schools, peers, mass media, and the workplace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Working-class children are taught obedience and conformity; middle-class children are taught creativity and self-expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mead said we act as both object and subject when viewing ourselves, exploring three stages of development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Goffman viewed socialization as a performance; he explored impression management as a way to present ourselves favorably.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cooley introduced the concept of 'The Looking-Glass Self,' focusing on how we perceive ourselves based on others' views.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erikson focused on the development of stable identity during adolescence and proposed eight stages of development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consequences that are unrecognized and/or unintended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mastery of basic information and skills required of members of a society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process by which adults learn new roles and statuses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process in which people think about, experiment with, and try on the behaviors associated with a new role.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to ideas or values that conflict with what was learned in childhood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Places where people are isolated from the outside world and almost totally controlled by others.</p> Signup and view all the answers