CHAPTER 2 - Sociology Research Methods Overview

<p>Experiments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are often preferred by some individuals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The impact of the Internet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By adding all values and dividing by the number of values. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Locate the middle figure directly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The most frequently occurring value. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A perfect positive correlation between the variables. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It quantifies the degree of dispersal in the dataset. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mean (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The prison environment significantly impacted behavior more than individual traits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They allow testing hypotheses under highly controlled conditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The influence of social roles on behavior and attitudes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exploitation of the subjects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Qualitative research provides in-depth insights. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factual, theoretical, comparative, and developmental questions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Confirming preconceived validation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Desire to assist the researcher (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The types of questions asked (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A proposed explanation to be tested (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It lacks detailed personal insights. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher levels of physical activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine if behaviors vary across time and place (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quantitative analysis using consistent metrics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A peak followed by a decline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is higher but shows similar overall trends (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>States and Social Revolutions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There has been a cultural shift in family relations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The source note for reliability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To present the research question, methods, findings, and implications. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quantitative methods focus on numerical data, while qualitative methods emphasize understanding concepts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There was a stronger emphasis on empirical evidence and facts to ground theories. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Further research is needed to explore new inquiries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flexible and iterative approaches that may not follow a linear path. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cooks often create without a rigid structure, akin to seasoned researchers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suggestions for further research and unanswered questions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>small proportion of a large population (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because a smaller part of the population can represent the whole. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A research approach comparing social behavior across different times, places, and social groups.

A research method focusing on historical events and their influence on social phenomena.

The number of divorces per thousand married people.

A systematic analysis of how social phenomena vary across time and place.

A way to measure social change and trends over time.

The study of social change through examining historical events.

A measurement tool often used in sociological research to present and analyze data.

Information that helps assess the reliability and source of data presented in tables.

A research method where participants are randomly assigned to different groups to test a specific hypothesis.

The group in an experiment that receives the treatment or manipulation being studied.

The group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment or manipulation being studied.

A research study that aims to understand how a person's role or situation influences their behavior.

The Stanford Prison Experiment, led by Philip Zimbardo, aimed to understand the impact of situational factors on behavior in a simulated prison environment.

The ability of researchers to carefully control the variables and environment in an experiment, minimizing external influences.

The strength of experiments lies in their ability to test hypotheses under carefully controlled conditions.

A research method that involves observing and analyzing real-world situations and events without direct manipulation or control.

Hypotheses are educated guesses about how things work in the real world. They are based on existing knowledge and used as starting points for research.

The research process involves a series of steps to investigate a topic. It typically includes defining a problem, reviewing literature, formulating a hypothesis, collecting data, analyzing data, reporting findings, and drawing conclusions.

Sociological research should be grounded in evidence and data. This involves analyzing data to support or refute theoretical assumptions.

Although the research process has distinct steps, they often overlap and interact. Research is an ongoing process of exploration, adaptation and refinement.

Research reports provide detailed accounts of the research process, including the research questions, methods, findings, and implications. They often identify unanswered questions and suggest further research.

Researchers should be open to new questions and directions arising from their findings. Research builds upon itself, with each study contributing to a broader understanding of societal issues.

A type of research method that determines the influence of a specific factor on a study's outcome. The researcher directly manipulates a variable and observes its effect on a controlled group.

The average number of people an individual reports talking to about important matters in a given time period (e.g., six months).

A decline in the number of people individuals report discussing meaningful matters with. Researchers observed a decrease in average social network size from 2.94 people in 1985 to 2.08 people in 2004.

The increasing proportion of people who report having no close confidants or individuals to discuss important matters with.

Casual social connections that may not be as close as intimate friendships but still provide a sense of belonging and social interaction.

A theory suggesting that 'weak' social ties can be fulfilling for some people. It challenges the notion that all social ties must be deep and intimate for well-being.

Social connections that are characterized by close intimacy, shared experiences, and emotional support.

The increased interconnectedness and potential for social interaction due to digital technologies, such as the internet, can expand social networks beyond traditional boundaries.

The average of a set of numbers. Calculated by adding all the numbers together and dividing by the total number of values.

The middle value in a sorted dataset. It divides the dataset into two equal halves.

The most frequent value in a dataset. It indicates the most common occurrence.

The spread or variation of data points around the mean. A higher standard deviation indicates greater spread.

A statistical measure that describes the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. A correlation coefficient of 1.0 represents a perfect positive correlation.

A perfect positive correlation means two variables move together in the same direction. As one increases, the other increases proportionally.

A perfect negative correlation means two variables move in opposite directions. As one increases, the other decreases proportionally.

A correlation coefficient of 0.0 indicates no relationship between two variables. The variables do not have a consistent connection.

A research method that focuses on collecting and analyzing numerical data to test hypotheses and identify patterns.

A research method that focuses on exploring and understanding social phenomena through in-depth observation, interviews, and text analysis.

A testable statement that proposes a relationship between variables.

A step-by-step process for conducting sociological research, involving defining the problem, reviewing literature, forming a hypothesis, designing research, collecting data, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions.

An approach to sociological research that emphasizes the importance of scientific methods and objective data collection.

An approach to sociological research that emphasizes the importance of understanding the cultural and historical context of social phenomena.

The potential for sociologists to exploit the people they study, which can lead to ethical concerns and harm.

The ethical dilemmas that social scientists face differ from those in other fields because of the potential for social harm, the need to maintain confidentiality, and the importance of informed consent.