Sociology Quiz on Gender and Family Structures
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'matrix of domination' refer to?

  • The collective empowerment of marginalized groups
  • The cumulative impact of various forms of oppression (correct)
  • The influence of social media on personal relationships
  • The structure of family hierarchies in modern society

How does the concept of 'doing gender' manifest in everyday interactions?

  • By rejecting traditional gender norms entirely
  • By consciously choosing how to behave in public
  • Through explicit discussions about gender roles
  • Involuntarily through societal expectations in relationships (correct)

Which of the following best describes a nuclear family?

  • A family consisting solely of parents and their unmarried children (correct)
  • A form of marriage involving multiple spouses
  • A couple living together without marriage
  • A married couple with children and additional relatives living with them

What is a primary characteristic of extended families?

<p>They typically include grandparents and other relatives living together (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes polygamy from other forms of marriage?

<p>It allows an individual to have multiple spouses at the same time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is kinship defined within social structures?

<p>As a cultural concept learned through society rather than just biology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes cohabitation?

<p>Living together as a couple without being married (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between kinship and family?

<p>Kinship may include relationships not based on marital or biological ties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does sexism primarily refer to in a sociological context?

<p>The prejudice and discrimination of one sex against another (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept refers to the unequal distribution of resources, power, and opportunities between genders?

<p>Gender stratification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of intersectionality emphasize?

<p>The interconnectedness of social categories like race and gender (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'doing gender' refer to?

<p>The social construction and performance of gender roles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to by the term 'glass ceiling'?

<p>Invisible barriers preventing career advancement for certain individuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the advantages men can experience in female-dominated professions?

<p>Glass escalator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies the idea of gender stratification?

<p>Men occupying a majority of higher-paid leadership roles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue does the example of a father receiving praise for participating in child-rearing address?

<p>The social expectations of gender roles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is endogamy primarily intended to reinforce?

<p>Cohesiveness within a group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes exogamy?

<p>Requirements to select a mate outside of certain groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Homogamy refers to the tendency of individuals to select mates based on what?

<p>Personal characteristics similar to their own (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are parenting styles affected by social class according to the content?

<p>Working class parents promote independence and authority compliance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a societal impact of changing marriage norms?

<p>More women joining the paid labor force (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does gender socialization within families often take on?

<p>Reinforcing traditional gender norms unconsciously (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with homogamy?

<p>Choosing a mate from a different social class (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of family dynamics, how are extended families affected by current trends?

<p>Their prevalence is decreasing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect, and even fear?

<p>Sacred (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the ordinary and commonplace in contrast to the sacred?

<p>Profane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best represents the concept of religion as a cultural universal?

<p>All societies have some form of religious practice or belief. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of religious endogamy on social cohesion?

<p>It enhances cohesiveness by encouraging marriage within the same religious group. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the manifest function of education?

<p>Transmitting knowledge and skills such as history (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a social movement?

<p>The abolitionist movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a latent function of education?

<p>Building social networks and forming peer relationships (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can some elements be both profane and sacred?

<p>Context determines their classification. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of new social movements?

<p>They may develop collective identities and complex agendas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that social change generally leads society from simpler forms to more complex structures?

<p>Evolutionary theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do vested interests play in social change?

<p>They generally act to maintain the status quo. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does technology impact social movements according to the content?

<p>Technology facilitates mobilization through electronic communication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason for resistance to social change?

<p>Economic factors and community interests. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which movement is generally seen as not viewing the government as an ally?

<p>Women's movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diffusion in the context of social change?

<p>The spread of cultural items across societies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is CMC in the context of social movements?

<p>Communicative interaction through networked devices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is relative deprivation?

<p>The negative discrepancy between expectations and reality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does electronic communication benefit social movements?

<p>It increases the speed of information dissemination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'neo-luddites' refer to?

<p>Those who resist technological innovations and question the expansion of info technology. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best represents an example of relative deprivation?

<p>A well-paid employee feeling undervalued compared to their peers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What legacy did the Industrial Revolution leave in the context of technology?

<p>A shift in societal reliance on industrial productivity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best captures the feelings associated with relative deprivation?

<p>People often feel they deserve more than they currently have. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach is suggested for understanding sociological concepts like family structures?

<p>Utilizing mnemonics for memory aid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely characteristic of a person experiencing relative deprivation?

<p>They may feel a sense of scarcity compared to others. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sexism

The belief that one sex is superior to the other, often used to describe prejudice and discrimination against women.

Gender Stratification

The unequal distribution of power, resources, and opportunities between men and women in society.

Intersectionality

The overlapping systems of advantage and disadvantage based on factors like race, class, gender, and more.

Doing Gender

The way we perform and express our gender roles in everyday life.

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Glass Ceiling

Invisible barriers preventing women and minorities from advancing in careers.

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Glass Escalator

Advantages men experience when entering female-dominated fields, leading to faster promotions.

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What is an example of sexism?

An example of sexism is when women are not encouraged to take STEM classes, while men are. This indicates a belief that men are more suited for these fields than women.

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What is an example of gender stratification?

An example of gender stratification is men holding higher-paying jobs than women. This demonstrates unequal access to power and wealth based on gender.

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Endogamy

Marriage within the same social group (race, ethnicity, religion). It helps maintain group unity and identity.

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Exogamy

Marriage outside a specific social group. It promotes diversity and reduces inbreeding.

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Homogamy

Marrying someone with similar characteristics (background, interests, values). It's about 'like marrying like.'

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Socialization in Families

The process of learning social norms and behaviors within a family.

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Gender Role Development

How families unconsciously teach children expected behaviors based on their gender.

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Class-Based Parenting

Parenting styles influenced by socioeconomic background.

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What is an example of gender role development?

A girl being given dolls while a boy is given toy trucks.

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What is an example of class-based parenting?

Working class: Emphasize obedience and independence. Upper class: Encourage exploration and self-reliance.

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Matrix of Domination

The combined impact of oppression based on factors like race, gender, social class, religion, sexual orientation, disability, age, and citizenship status.

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Nuclear Family

A married couple and their unmarried children living together. It serves as the core unit of larger family structures.

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Extended Family

A family where relatives, like grandparents, aunts, and uncles, live with parents and children.

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Polygyny

A man having more than one wife at the same time.

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Polyandry

A woman having more than one husband at the same time.

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Kinship

The state of being related to others, determined by cultural practices, not just biology or marriage.

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What is religion?

A unified system of beliefs and practices concerning sacred things, inspiring awe, respect, and even fear.

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What is the profane?

The ordinary and commonplace aspects of life, distinct from the sacred.

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What is a cultural universal?

A pattern or trait found in all known human cultures, indicating its fundamental importance.

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How does religion impact social cohesion?

Religion can strengthen group solidarity through shared beliefs and practices; it can also create divides when marrying outside the group.

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What is a social movement?

Organized, collective activities aimed at achieving social changes, often involving protests and activism.

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How do social movements impact history?

Social movements have significantly shaped historical events and social structures, driving progress towards equality and justice.

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What are some examples of social movements?

Social movements include the abolitionist movement, suffrage movement, civil rights movement, Vietnam War protests, Occupy Wall Street, and Black Lives Matter.

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What is the hidden curriculum?

Unintentional lessons embedded in educational systems, often reinforcing societal norms and values.

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What are New Social Movements?

Social movements that focus on quality of life, identity, and often address multiple issues across national boundaries. They are usually not allied with governments.

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What is Social Change?

The transformation of social structures, institutions, behaviors, and values over time.

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What are the causes of social change?

Social change can be caused by factors such as technological advancements, economic shifts, cultural diffusion, conflicts, and social movements.

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What is Diffusion in social change?

The spread of cultural elements (ideas, practices, technologies) from one group to another.

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What is resistance to social change?

Opposition to change, often from those who benefit from the current system.

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What are vested interests?

Groups or individuals who have a stake in maintaining the existing order and would suffer from change.

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What is Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC)?

Communication between two or more people using networked devices.

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How does technology influence social movements?

Technology like the internet facilitates communication, mobilizes activists, and amplifies the reach of movements.

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Relative Deprivation

Feeling dissatisfied because your circumstances fall short of your expectations, often compared to others. This is about the gap between what you have and what you believe you deserve.

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Neo-Luddites

People who are critical of technological advancements and argue against the uncontrolled expansion of information technology. They believe that constant innovation may come with social and ethical costs.

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How does electronic communication support social movements?

Online platforms like social media can quickly spread information, connect activists, and build a sense of community. This allows movements to grow and organize faster, even without traditional face-to-face gatherings.

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Industrial Revolution's Legacy

The Industrial Revolution's impact on technology, work, and society continues to influence us. It created new systems of production, urbanization, and economic growth, and its effects are still being felt today.

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What is an example of relative deprivation?

Feeling like you're working hard and are still stuck in a low-paying job, while others who didn't work as hard are doing better.

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What is a mnemonic?

A memory technique that helps you easily remember something by using acronyms, rhymes, or other patterns.

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Visualizing Connections

Creating a mind map (like a diagram) to connect different concepts and show how they relate to each other.

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Practice Application

Connecting abstract ideas in sociology to real-life examples and scenarios to understand them better.

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Study Notes

Stratification by Gender and Sexuality

  • Sexism is the ideology that one sex is superior to another, typically used to refer to male prejudice against women.
  • Gender stratification is the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between men and women. This can be seen at both the macro and micro levels.
  • Intersectionality is the overlapping and interdependent system of advantage and disadvantage based on multiple social categories like race, class, gender, and others.
  • Doing gender refers to the social construction and performance of gender roles in daily life, with examples including how a father may be praised for mundane tasks while a mother is not, despite performing similar activities.
  • Glass Ceiling refers to invisible barriers preventing advancement for people in careers, due to factors like gender or ethnicity.
  • Glass Escalator describes the advantage men experience in female-dominated fields, where men are often fast-tracked to leadership roles.
  • Matrix of domination is the cumulative influence of oppression caused by intersecting factors like race, ethnicity, gender, and social class.

The Family and Household Diversity

  • Family structures include nuclear families (married couple and children), extended families (relatives living together), and polygamy.
  • Nuclear families are the foundational type of family unit on which other larger family structures are built.
  • Extended families involve relatives like grandparents, aunts, and uncles living in the same household.
  • Polygamy refers to marriage involving multiple spouses, where a husband may have several wives (polygyny) or a wife may have multiple husbands (polyandry).
  • Cohabitation is the practice of couples living together without being married.

Education and Religion

  • Education: Manifest functions of education are the open and conscious goals, such as acquiring skills and knowledge. Latent functions describe unintended consequences like meeting potential spouses.
  • Hidden curriculum refers to implicit lessons learned about norms and values in schools, not explicitly stated but still adhered to.
  • Tracking is a system that places students in different educational groups based on perceived ability, often starting early in primary school and potentially impacting students from less affluent backgrounds.
  • Religion: Émile Durkheim defined religion as a unified system of beliefs and practices related to sacred things, differentiating the sacred (inspiring awe, respect, and fear) from the profane (ordinary and commonplace).
  • Religion is evident in all societies.
  • Religion's impacts on endogamy and exogamy affect social cohesion by reinforcing group identities.

Social Change in the Global Community

  • Social movements are organized collective actions with various impacts throughout history, including abolitionist, suffragist, and civil rights movements.
  • New social movements focus on quality of life and identity issues, often addressing concerns that haven't been central to earlier movements.
  • Social change can be influenced by evolutionary theory (definite societal progression), functionalist theory (contributing to stability), and conflict theory (correcting injustices and inequalities).
  • Resistance to social change often comes from groups with vested interests in maintaining the status quo.
  • Diffusion is the spread of cultural aspects through communication or technology.
  • Relative deprivation occurs when people perceive a negative gap between their expectations and their reality.

Sociological Concepts

  • Relative deprivation occurs when individuals feel dissatisfied due to a perceived discrepancy between their expectations and reality, relative to a reference group.
  • Mnemonics can be used to better remember key concepts, and mind-mapping techniques can be used to associate concepts for a better understanding.

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Description

This quiz explores essential sociological concepts related to gender and family, including the 'matrix of domination', the definition of cohabitation, and the characteristics of various family types. Test your understanding of how societal structures and norms influence gender roles and family dynamics.

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