Sociology Quiz 3 Chapters 10, 11, 14, 15

Questions and Answers

Which term refers to the ordinary and commonplace events of life?

Ritual

Myth

Profane (correct)

Sacred

Intergenerational mobility is decreasing in most countries.

False

What is the name of the social movement that emphasizes doctrinal conformity?

fundamentalism

What defines a minority group?

a group whose members have significantly less control over their own lives than the members of a dominant group. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a family and a kin group?

The family is a household unit, and kin do not always live together. Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a negative attitude toward an entire category of people?

prejudice Signup and view all the answers

Which sociological perspective suggests that polyandrous cultures devalue the social worth of women?

conflict perspective Signup and view all the answers

Sociologists note that terms such as 'modernization' and 'development' contain a(an) __________ bias.

ethnocentric Signup and view all the answers

What did anthropologist George Murdock find about polygamy?

over 80 percent of the societies he sampled had some type of polygamy. Signup and view all the answers

What did Friedrich Engels note about the family?

the family is the ultimate source of social inequality. Signup and view all the answers

What is institutional discrimination?

the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups that results from the normal operations of society. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of symbolic ethnicity?

a trip to an ethnic bakery Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the process of denying opportunities due to prejudice?

discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe a group set apart due to physical differences?

racial group Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of the sacred encompass?

elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect, or fear. Signup and view all the answers

The connection between love and marriage is a cultural universal.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is dependency theory?

an approach which contends that as developing countries make economic advances, they remain weak and subservient to core nations. Signup and view all the answers

Which is the single largest faith in the world?

Christianity Signup and view all the answers

What was an example of institutional discrimination regarding Puerto Ricans in Chicago Police Department?

They were effectively barred from serving due to a height requirement. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most socially significant mobility in large developing nations?

the movement out of poverty. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the restriction of mate selection to people within the same group?

endogamy Signup and view all the answers

What initiated extreme inequality of resources in the world?

the Industrial Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

How is colonialism defined?

the maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural dominance over a people by a foreign power for an extended period. Signup and view all the answers

What defines an ethnic group?

a group that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns. Signup and view all the answers

According to world systems analysis, what is a periphery nation?

a poor, developing nation exploited by more powerful nations and corporations. Signup and view all the answers

In which way does Hinduism differ from other religions?

All of these Signup and view all the answers

What are manifest functions of religion?

Giving meaning to the divine and defining the spiritual world. Signup and view all the answers

What does a nuclear family consist of?

a married couple and their unmarried children living together. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered an extended family?

a married couple, their children, and the husband's sister all living together in the same home. Signup and view all the answers

What is secularization?

the process through which religion's influence on other social institutions diminishes. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sociology Key Concepts

Profane: Refers to ordinary, everyday events of life as opposed to the sacred.
Intergenerational Mobility: Cross-cultural studies indicate that mobility is generally increasing in both industrialized and developing nations.
Fundamentalism: A social movement that stresses doctrinal conformity and a literal interpretation of sacred texts.
Minority Group: Defined as a group that lacks control over its own life compared to a dominant group.
Family vs. Kin Group: A family is a household unit, whereas kin groups consist of relatives who may not cohabitate.
Prejudice: A negative attitude directed towards an entire category of people.
Conflict Perspective: This viewpoint suggests that cultures practicing polyandry may devalue women's social worth.
Ethnocentrism: Modernization and development terms often exhibit ethnocentric bias.
Polygamy: George Murdock's research indicates that over 80% of 565 sampled societies practiced some form of polygamy.
Social Inequality: Friedrich Engels argued that the family constitutes the primary source of social inequality.
Institutional Discrimination: The systemic denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups in society's normal operations.
Symbolic Ethnicity: An example includes visiting an ethnic bakery that reflects cultural heritage.
Discrimination: Defined as the process of denying rights due to prejudice or arbitrary reasons.
Racial Group: Describes groups distinguished by physical differences that hold social significance.
Sacred Concept: Encompasses elements that evoke awe, respect, or fear, beyond everyday life.
Cultural Universal: The belief that the link between love and marriage is a cultural universal is incorrect.
Dependency Theory: Argues that developing nations remain economically dependent and weak compared to core nations despite making advances.
Largest Faith: Christianity is recognized as the world's single largest religion.
Institutional Barriers: Historical example includes Puerto Ricans being barred from the Chicago Police Department due to height requirements, illustrating institutional discrimination.
Poverty Mobility: In large developing nations, significant social mobility is seen as moving out of poverty.
Endogamy: The practice of restricting mate selection to individuals within the same group.
Industrial Revolution: Marked the onset of extreme resource inequality globally.
Colonialism: Defined as the prolonged control of a people by a foreign power, encompassing political, social, economic, and cultural dominance.
Ethnic Group: Characterized by distinct cultural patterns or national origins that set them apart from others.
World Systems Theory: Periphery nations like Honduras and Ethiopia are seen as poor, developing countries exploited by wealthier nations.
Hinduism: Distinguishing features set it apart from other religious practices.
Religion's Manifest Functions: Involves providing meaning to the divine and conceptualizing the spiritual world.
Nuclear Family: Comprises a married couple and their unmarried children living together.
Extended Family: Includes a nuclear family living with relatives, for example, a couple and their children plus the husband's sister.
Secularization: Refers to the diminishing influence of religion on various social institutions over time.

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Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapters 10, 11, 14, and 15 of Sociology. This quiz includes terminology and definitions important for understanding social movements and cross-cultural studies. Use these flashcards to solidify your grasp of fundamental sociological ideas.