Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one reason why corporations look beyond national borders?
What is one reason why corporations look beyond national borders?
What is a consequence of globalization?
What is a consequence of globalization?
What is a benefit of globalization?
What is a benefit of globalization?
What is the primary goal of activist social movements?
What is the primary goal of activist social movements?
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What is one characteristic of social movements?
What is one characteristic of social movements?
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What is the relative deprivation theory?
What is the relative deprivation theory?
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What is one outcome of social movements?
What is one outcome of social movements?
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What is the main reason why social movements are seen as instrumental in the evolution of a society?
What is the main reason why social movements are seen as instrumental in the evolution of a society?
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What is one effect of globalization on cultures?
What is one effect of globalization on cultures?
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What is one way that social movements can cause widespread effects?
What is one way that social movements can cause widespread effects?
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What is the main reason why corporations are becoming transnational?
What is the main reason why corporations are becoming transnational?
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What is the result of countries becoming interconnected due to globalization?
What is the result of countries becoming interconnected due to globalization?
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What is a common characteristic of social movements?
What is a common characteristic of social movements?
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What is the role of resource mobilization theory in social movements?
What is the role of resource mobilization theory in social movements?
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What is the ultimate outcome of a successful social movement?
What is the ultimate outcome of a successful social movement?
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What is a primary driving force behind the growth of transnational corporations?
What is a primary driving force behind the growth of transnational corporations?
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What is a key facilitator of globalization in modern times?
What is a key facilitator of globalization in modern times?
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What is a common thread among people who participate in social movements?
What is a common thread among people who participate in social movements?
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What is a potential outcome of a social movement's failure?
What is a potential outcome of a social movement's failure?
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What is a key difference between activist and regressive social movements?
What is a key difference between activist and regressive social movements?
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Study Notes
Urbanization
- Urbanization is the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in an increase in population in cities.
- From a functionalism perspective, cities are both good and bad for society, offering cultural diversity and centers of culture, but also crime.
- From a conflict theory perspective, cities are sources of inequality, where the elite use resources from the poor to enrich their own lives.
- People move to urban areas for various reasons, including jobs, better utilities, and easier access to hospitals and schools.
- The growth of cities leads to the creation of suburbs, which are areas where people can form communities with their neighbors while maintaining their own individual oasis.
- Suburbs can be further divided into exurbs, which are often prosperous and have their own economic centers.
Population Dynamics
- Population dynamics is the study of how population grows or shrinks over time, including fertility, migration, and mortality rates.
- Fertility measures the rate at which people are born in a population, and high fertility rates can increase the population.
- Migration consists of two factors: immigration (people moving into a country) and emigration (people moving out of a country), which can affect the population.
- Mortality measures the rate at which people die in a population, and high mortality rates can decrease the population.
- Population pyramids are used to visualize the population of a country, dividing it into different age groups and genders.
- Expansive pyramids indicate a high birth rate and low death rate, resulting in a young population.
- Stationary pyramids indicate a low birth rate and low death rate, resulting in a stable population.
- Constrictive pyramids indicate a low birth rate and low death rate, but with a skewed age distribution, resulting in an aging population.
Demographic Transition
- Demographic transition is the model of the changes in a country's population over time, from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.
- The five stages of demographic transition are:
- High birth rates and high death rates, with a stable population.
- Death rates decline, and the population of older people increases.
- Birth rates decline, and the population stops growing as fast.
- Birth rates and death rates balance out, and the population stabilizes.
- The population could remain stable, increase, or decrease, depending on external and internal pressures.
Globalization
- Globalization is the sharing of ideas, cultures, services, and products across national borders, due to interdependence, technology, and communication.
- Theories of globalization include:
- World systems theory: the world is a single social unit, divided into core, periphery, and semi-periphery countries.
- Modernization theory: every country follows a similar path in development, from traditional to modern.
- Dependency theory: third-world countries have their own unique structures and are poor due to their unfavorable economic position.
- Perspectives of globalization include:
- Hyperglobalist: individual countries will become less important as countries become interdependent.
- Skeptics: countries are still important, and the world is becoming regionalized.
- Transformationalist: the importance of national governments is changing, but it's unclear what it's changing into.
Social Movements
- Social movements are groups of people with a shared idea, seeking to change or resist social change.
- Activist social movements seek to change something about society, while regressive or reactionary social movements resist social change.
- Examples of social movements include the environmental movement.
- Theories of social movements include:
- Relative deprivation theory: people who perceive some sort of deprivation or inequality will band together to try and change that in society.
- Resource mobilization theory: people must have the resources to fund the movement, publicize it, and recruit members.
- Rational choice theory: people weigh different actions and choose the one that benefits them the most.
- Social movements can cause widespread effects, including panics and crazes, and can either fail and fade away or succeed and become integrated into society.
Urbanization
- Urbanization is the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in an increase in population in cities.
- From a functionalism perspective, cities are both good and bad for society, offering cultural diversity and centers of culture, but also crime.
- From a conflict theory perspective, cities are sources of inequality, where the elite use resources from the poor to enrich their own lives.
- People move to urban areas for various reasons, including jobs, better utilities, and easier access to hospitals and schools.
- The growth of cities leads to the creation of suburbs, which are areas where people can form communities with their neighbors while maintaining their own individual oasis.
- Suburbs can be further divided into exurbs, which are often prosperous and have their own economic centers.
Population Dynamics
- Population dynamics is the study of how population grows or shrinks over time, including fertility, migration, and mortality rates.
- Fertility measures the rate at which people are born in a population, and high fertility rates can increase the population.
- Migration consists of two factors: immigration (people moving into a country) and emigration (people moving out of a country), which can affect the population.
- Mortality measures the rate at which people die in a population, and high mortality rates can decrease the population.
- Population pyramids are used to visualize the population of a country, dividing it into different age groups and genders.
- Expansive pyramids indicate a high birth rate and low death rate, resulting in a young population.
- Stationary pyramids indicate a low birth rate and low death rate, resulting in a stable population.
- Constrictive pyramids indicate a low birth rate and low death rate, but with a skewed age distribution, resulting in an aging population.
Demographic Transition
- Demographic transition is the model of the changes in a country's population over time, from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.
- The five stages of demographic transition are:
- High birth rates and high death rates, with a stable population.
- Death rates decline, and the population of older people increases.
- Birth rates decline, and the population stops growing as fast.
- Birth rates and death rates balance out, and the population stabilizes.
- The population could remain stable, increase, or decrease, depending on external and internal pressures.
Globalization
- Globalization is the sharing of ideas, cultures, services, and products across national borders, due to interdependence, technology, and communication.
- Theories of globalization include:
- World systems theory: the world is a single social unit, divided into core, periphery, and semi-periphery countries.
- Modernization theory: every country follows a similar path in development, from traditional to modern.
- Dependency theory: third-world countries have their own unique structures and are poor due to their unfavorable economic position.
- Perspectives of globalization include:
- Hyperglobalist: individual countries will become less important as countries become interdependent.
- Skeptics: countries are still important, and the world is becoming regionalized.
- Transformationalist: the importance of national governments is changing, but it's unclear what it's changing into.
Social Movements
- Social movements are groups of people with a shared idea, seeking to change or resist social change.
- Activist social movements seek to change something about society, while regressive or reactionary social movements resist social change.
- Examples of social movements include the environmental movement.
- Theories of social movements include:
- Relative deprivation theory: people who perceive some sort of deprivation or inequality will band together to try and change that in society.
- Resource mobilization theory: people must have the resources to fund the movement, publicize it, and recruit members.
- Rational choice theory: people weigh different actions and choose the one that benefits them the most.
- Social movements can cause widespread effects, including panics and crazes, and can either fail and fade away or succeed and become integrated into society.
Urbanization
- Urbanization is the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in an increase in population in cities.
- From a functionalism perspective, cities are both good and bad for society, offering cultural diversity and centers of culture, but also crime.
- From a conflict theory perspective, cities are sources of inequality, where the elite use resources from the poor to enrich their own lives.
- People move to urban areas for various reasons, including jobs, better utilities, and easier access to hospitals and schools.
- The growth of cities leads to the creation of suburbs, which are areas where people can form communities with their neighbors while maintaining their own individual oasis.
- Suburbs can be further divided into exurbs, which are often prosperous and have their own economic centers.
Population Dynamics
- Population dynamics is the study of how population grows or shrinks over time, including fertility, migration, and mortality rates.
- Fertility measures the rate at which people are born in a population, and high fertility rates can increase the population.
- Migration consists of two factors: immigration (people moving into a country) and emigration (people moving out of a country), which can affect the population.
- Mortality measures the rate at which people die in a population, and high mortality rates can decrease the population.
- Population pyramids are used to visualize the population of a country, dividing it into different age groups and genders.
- Expansive pyramids indicate a high birth rate and low death rate, resulting in a young population.
- Stationary pyramids indicate a low birth rate and low death rate, resulting in a stable population.
- Constrictive pyramids indicate a low birth rate and low death rate, but with a skewed age distribution, resulting in an aging population.
Demographic Transition
- Demographic transition is the model of the changes in a country's population over time, from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.
- The five stages of demographic transition are:
- High birth rates and high death rates, with a stable population.
- Death rates decline, and the population of older people increases.
- Birth rates decline, and the population stops growing as fast.
- Birth rates and death rates balance out, and the population stabilizes.
- The population could remain stable, increase, or decrease, depending on external and internal pressures.
Globalization
- Globalization is the sharing of ideas, cultures, services, and products across national borders, due to interdependence, technology, and communication.
- Theories of globalization include:
- World systems theory: the world is a single social unit, divided into core, periphery, and semi-periphery countries.
- Modernization theory: every country follows a similar path in development, from traditional to modern.
- Dependency theory: third-world countries have their own unique structures and are poor due to their unfavorable economic position.
- Perspectives of globalization include:
- Hyperglobalist: individual countries will become less important as countries become interdependent.
- Skeptics: countries are still important, and the world is becoming regionalized.
- Transformationalist: the importance of national governments is changing, but it's unclear what it's changing into.
Social Movements
- Social movements are groups of people with a shared idea, seeking to change or resist social change.
- Activist social movements seek to change something about society, while regressive or reactionary social movements resist social change.
- Examples of social movements include the environmental movement.
- Theories of social movements include:
- Relative deprivation theory: people who perceive some sort of deprivation or inequality will band together to try and change that in society.
- Resource mobilization theory: people must have the resources to fund the movement, publicize it, and recruit members.
- Rational choice theory: people weigh different actions and choose the one that benefits them the most.
- Social movements can cause widespread effects, including panics and crazes, and can either fail and fade away or succeed and become integrated into society.
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Description
Explore the concepts of urbanization, its effects on society, and the different perspectives of functionalism and conflict theory on city life.
