Sociology of Health and Medicine
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What is a common practice among patients of alternative healers?

  • They completely abandon conventional medical care.
  • They are prohibited from seeing medical doctors.
  • They only use alternative healers for chronic illnesses.
  • They use different healers for different problems depending on what has worked best in the past. (correct)

    • What is one of the reasons why any type of medical care may seem to be effective even if it is not?

  • The placebo effect
  • Both a and b are correct (correct)
  • The expertise of the healer
  • The natural healing process of the body

    • What is the most common reason for using an alternative healer?

  • Chronic pain management
  • Cancer treatment
  • Back problems (correct)
  • Mental health issues

    • Which alternative healing practice has received the least opposition from organized medicine?

    <p>Spiritual healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alternative healing practice is based on the idea that most human illness is caused by a blockage of the body's vital energy?

    <p>Chiropractic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current status of acupuncture in the United States?

    <p>Most states restrict the practice of acupuncture to medical doctors and osteopaths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common view of orthodox medicine about alternative medicine?

    <p>Many medical doctors believe that patients who use alternative medical techniques do so because they are unable to distinguish between 'legitimate' and 'illegitimate' medical care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conclusion about factors influencing patient satisfaction?

    <p>Research is inconclusive, and patterns are unclear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Talcott Parsons' view on the physician-patient relationship?

    <p>The view is not specified in the content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What predicts compliance with medical regimens?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the historical stance on truth-telling in medical ethics codes?

    <p>Most codes historically did not mention truth-telling, not even the Hippocratic Oath.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What argument is sometimes used to justify lying to patients?

    <p>Patients are often unable to comprehend the full truth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do studies show about patients' desire for accurate information?

    <p>An overwhelming percentage of people want their physician to give them full and honest information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common principle in various codes of medical ethics?

    <p>Respecting patient confidentiality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical commitment of physicians to telling patients the truth?

    <p>Most physicians are disposed to telling patients the truth but sometimes lie or deceive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of protecting patient confidentiality?

    <p>Only a and b are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Japanese physicians typically handle communicating diagnoses to patients with terminal illnesses?

    <p>They communicate the diagnosis and prognosis to family members but not to the patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recent advance in medical imaging?

    <p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stance on confidentiality in medical ethics codes?

    <p>Medical codes, including the Hippocratic Oath, strongly support confidentiality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important objective in organ donation policy in the United States?

    <p>Protecting the voluntary nature of donation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the percentage of GDP spent on healthcare in the United States compare to other countries?

    <p>It is much higher than in any other country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of ambulatory care services?

    <p>They are often provided in office-based practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has medical reform not addressed?

    <p>Medical malpractice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a trend in the number of hospitals in the United States?

    <p>The number of hospitals increased until the late 1970s but has declined since then</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the physician-patient relationship?

    <p>It is inevitably asymmetrical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of health has dominated physician care in the United States for the last century?

    <p>The biomedical model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the biopsychosocial model of health?

    <p>It emphasizes the importance of interpersonal skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of patients presenting to a physician?

    <p>Most have no physical disorder but have psychosocial concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for genuine informed consent?

    <p>All information that might affect the patient's decision must be presented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of paternalistic behavior by a physician?

    <p>Prioritizing beneficence over autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a barrier to therapeutic communication in healthcare?

    <p>Patients must often endure much red tape to see a physician</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a similarity between male and female physicians?

    <p>Female and male physicians are very similar in recognizing psychosocial problems and assessing patient health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hospitals are typically associated with the conventional medical system?

    <p>For-profit hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main argument used by alternative healers to support the efficacy of their treatment?

    <p>Personal experience and anecdotal evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of patients who use alternative healers?

    <p>They use different healers for different problems depending on what has worked best in the past</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the reasons why any type of medical care may seem to be effective even if it is not?

    <p>The placebo effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most often reported reason for using an alternative healer?

    <p>Back problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alternative healing practice has received the least vigorous opposition by organized medicine?

    <p>Spiritual healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alternative healing practice is based on the idea that malalignments in the vertebrae can cause blockages of the body's vital energy?

    <p>Chiropractic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the view of Talcott Parsons on the physician-patient relationship?

    <p>The physician-patient relationship is inevitably asymmetrical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Patients and Alternative Healers

    • Many patients of alternative healers continue to receive care from medical doctors, using different healers for different problems depending on what has worked best in the past.
    • Back problems are the most often reported reason for using an alternative healer.
    • Spiritual healing has received the least vigorous opposition by organized medicine.

    Alternative Healing Practices

    • Chiropractic practice believes that most human illness is caused by a blockage of the body's vital energy by malalignments in the vertebrae.

    Physician-Patient Relationship

    • The physician-patient relationship is inevitably asymmetrical, with physicians in the dominant position, according to Talcott Parsons.
    • The activity-passivity model most closely resembles Parsons' view of the physician-patient relationship.

    Models of Health

    • The biomedical model has dominated physician care in the United States for the last century.
    • The biopsychosocial model is more likely to engage physicians in discussion about patients' psychosocial concerns and use interpersonal skills.

    Patient Psychosocial Concerns

    • Research has found that most patients presenting themselves to a physician do not have a serious physical disorder but many have psychosocial concerns.
    • Physicians are more likely to recognize psychosocial problems in patients and assess patient health.

    Therapeutic Communication

    • Genuine therapeutic communication involves all aspects of communication.
    • Patients must often endure much red tape in order to see a physician, which is a barrier to therapeutic communication.
    • Female and male physicians are very similar in the likelihood of recognizing psychosocial problems in patients, assessing patient health, and being available after the death of a family member.

    Confidentiality

    • Medical codes, including the Hippocratic Oath, include strong statements supporting confidentiality.
    • Protecting patient confidentiality has benefits, including building trust and promoting open communication.

    Medical Imaging and Technology

    • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important recent advance in medical imaging.
    • A dystopian view of technology suggests that technology can have negative consequences.

    Organ Donation and Health Care Policy

    • Protecting the voluntary nature of donation is an important objective in organ donation policy in the United States.
    • The percentage of the GDP spent on health care in the United States is higher than in any other country.

    Medicare and Medicaid

    • All of the above are true concerning Medicare.
    • Only a and c are correct concerning Medicaid.
    • Efforts to contain health care costs in the United States include only b and c.

    Ambulatory Care

    • Ambulatory care refers to outpatient services provided to individuals who are not bedridden.
    • Office-based practice is the most common mode of delivering ambulatory care services today.

    Hospitals

    • The number of hospitals increased until the late 1970s but has declined since then.
    • Research is inconclusive about the size of hospitals; important differences are sometimes found but patterns are unclear.

    Patient Satisfaction

    • All of these statements are accurate concerning factors that influence patient satisfaction.

    Compliance with Medical Regimens

    • All of these factors predict compliance with medical regimens.

    Lying and Deception

    • While recent ethical codes stipulate truth-telling, most codes historically (even the Hippocratic Oath) did not mention truth-telling.
    • Patients are often unable to comprehend the full truth, which is sometimes cited as justification for lying to or deceiving patients.
    • Studies show that an overwhelming percentage of people want their physician to give them full and honest information.
    • Most physicians are disposed to telling patients the truth but sometimes lie or deceive.
    • Japanese physicians typically communicate the diagnosis and prognosis to family members but not to the patient when dealing with a patient who has a terminal illness.

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    Description

    This quiz covers topics in sociology related to health and medicine, including patients' behaviors and perceptions of alternative healers and medical care.

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