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Questions and Answers
Which philosopher argues that the self is shaped by prestige symbols of goods consumed?
Which philosopher argues that the self is shaped by prestige symbols of goods consumed?
- George Mead
- Jean Baudrillard (correct)
- Charles Horton Cooley
- Sigmund Freud
What does the theory of the looking-glass self primarily focus on?
What does the theory of the looking-glass self primarily focus on?
- The effects of media on self-image
- The importance of language in identity formation
- The biological factors in self-development
- The role of societal expectations in self-perception (correct)
According to George Mead, what are the two divisions of self?
According to George Mead, what are the two divisions of self?
- Public and private
- Personality and individuality
- Nature and nurture
- I and Me (correct)
In the looking-glass self theory, what can negatively affect a person's self-image?
In the looking-glass self theory, what can negatively affect a person's self-image?
What occurs during the preparatory stage of self-development according to Mead?
What occurs during the preparatory stage of self-development according to Mead?
What is a primary assumption of the sociological perspective of the self?
What is a primary assumption of the sociological perspective of the self?
According to Mead, when is the self fully developed?
According to Mead, when is the self fully developed?
What role does mass media play in the context of postmodern consumerism?
What role does mass media play in the context of postmodern consumerism?
What personality traits are commonly associated with the ectomorphic body type?
What personality traits are commonly associated with the ectomorphic body type?
Which type of face shape is generally associated with individuals who are great leaders?
Which type of face shape is generally associated with individuals who are great leaders?
What aspect of self-identity is emphasized in modern societies according to Gerry Lanuza?
What aspect of self-identity is emphasized in modern societies according to Gerry Lanuza?
What is the primary characteristic of a person with phlegmatic temperament?
What is the primary characteristic of a person with phlegmatic temperament?
At what stage do children begin to emerge in terms of self-development by pretending to take on the roles of significant others?
At what stage do children begin to emerge in terms of self-development by pretending to take on the roles of significant others?
How does self-esteem relate to body image?
How does self-esteem relate to body image?
Which statement best describes individuals with thick eyebrows according to Jean Haner?
Which statement best describes individuals with thick eyebrows according to Jean Haner?
What is a characteristic of the game stage in child development?
What is a characteristic of the game stage in child development?
What phrase best describes the postmodern individual's view of self-identity?
What phrase best describes the postmodern individual's view of self-identity?
What negative consequence of postmodernity does Jean Baudrillard highlight?
What negative consequence of postmodernity does Jean Baudrillard highlight?
According to Lanuza, what challenge arises from the freedom of self-cultivation in modern societies?
According to Lanuza, what challenge arises from the freedom of self-cultivation in modern societies?
What do children learn in the play stage regarding their relationship with others?
What do children learn in the play stage regarding their relationship with others?
What characterizes the self in the game stage of child development?
What characterizes the self in the game stage of child development?
Which stage of the life span occurs between the ages of 10 to 14 years old?
Which stage of the life span occurs between the ages of 10 to 14 years old?
What is the main focus of the Theory of physiognomy?
What is the main focus of the Theory of physiognomy?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four bodily fluids according to ancient Greek theory?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four bodily fluids according to ancient Greek theory?
At what age range does middle adulthood occur according to life span stages?
At what age range does middle adulthood occur according to life span stages?
What factor does heredity influence in physical development?
What factor does heredity influence in physical development?
Which personality type is characterized by being cheerful and optimistic according to the theory based on bodily fluids?
Which personality type is characterized by being cheerful and optimistic according to the theory based on bodily fluids?
In the life span stages, what is the age range for early adulthood?
In the life span stages, what is the age range for early adulthood?
What does the term 'environment' encompass in relation to physical growth and development?
What does the term 'environment' encompass in relation to physical growth and development?
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Study Notes
Sociological Perspective of the Self
- Human behavior is shaped by group life, emphasizing the social context of self-identity.
- Jean Baudrillard argues that self-identity is reflected through prestige symbols linked to consumed goods.
- Postmodern individuals are insatiable consumers driven by advertising that creates false needs.
Charles Horton Cooley: Looking-Glass Self Theory
- Interaction with others acts as a mirror, influencing self-perception.
- Self-identity is formed through three steps: imagining self-presentation, analyzing others' perceptions, and creating a self-image.
- Misinterpretation of judgments from others can lead to negative self-image.
George Mead: Social Self Theory
- Self develops through social interactions, not biologically predetermined elements.
- The self consists of two elements:
- "I" represents spontaneous, unique traits.
- "Me" represents societal attitudes and awareness of expectations.
- Social experiences, including language and gestures, are crucial for self-development.
Stages of Self Development (Mead)
- Preparatory Stage (0-2 years): Imitation of others without understanding emotions; no sense of self.
- Play Stage (2-6 years): Role-taking begins through imitation of significant others; self starts to emerge.
- Game Stage (7-9 years): Understanding one's social position and others' roles leads to a sophisticated self-awareness.
Gerry Lanuza: The Constitution of the Self
- Modernity offers freedom in self-identity formation, unhindered by tradition.
- This freedom presents challenges like alienation and dehumanization.
- Individuals must discover their "authentic core" for self-realization amidst changing societal values.
Jean Baudrillard on Consumption
- Consumption structures postmodern society; prestige symbols play a key role in self-identity.
- Self-identity is linked to the quality of goods consumed, influenced by advertising.
- Consumption motivations are tied to feelings of goodness and social standing rather than utility.
Physical Self and Life Span Stages
- The physical self encompasses the body's evolving functions throughout life.
- Elizabeth B. Hurlock identifies stages: prenatal, infancy, babyhood, early childhood, puberty, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood.
Factors Influencing Physical Growth
- Heredity: Biological traits inherited from parents.
- Environment: Life experiences and learning that shape development.
Theories of Physical Self
- Physiognomy: Physical traits relate to character and personality.
- Humors Theory (Hippocrates): Balance of bodily fluids influences temperament and personality.
- Sanguine, melancholic, choleric, phlegmatic character types.
- Body-Type Theory (William Sheldon): Body types correlate with personality traits.
- Endomorphic (sociable), mesomorphic (energetic), ectomorphic (introverted).
Wisdom of Your Face (Jean Haner)
- Face shapes linked to personality traits, e.g., oval (hospitable), square (analytical), heart-shaped (intuitive).
- Eyebrow thickness may indicate confidence and assertiveness.
Body Image and Self-Esteem
- Body image refers to how individuals perceive their physical appearance.
- Self-esteem correlates with body image, representing an overall evaluation of self-worth.
- Eating disorders like anorexia (fear of weight gain) and bulimia (purging after binge eating) significantly affect self-image, particularly among females aged 12-40.
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