Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary argument of functionalists regarding social structure?
What is the primary argument of functionalists regarding social structure?
- It is irrelevant to social cohesion.
- It shapes individual behavior through socialization. (correct)
- It promotes anarchic behavior among individuals.
- It restricts all individual freedoms.
What concept does Durkheim associate with too much freedom in society?
What concept does Durkheim associate with too much freedom in society?
- Anomie (correct)
- Normative agreement
- Collective conscience
- Social solidarity
How does Durkheim view the reality of society in relation to individuals?
How does Durkheim view the reality of society in relation to individuals?
- Social structures are irrelevant to individual behavior.
- Society has a reality above that of individuals. (correct)
- Society is secondary to individuals.
- Individuals shape society entirely.
What is one of the structures that Durkheim believes creates social solidarity?
What is one of the structures that Durkheim believes creates social solidarity?
According to functionalists, what is necessary for a successful society?
According to functionalists, what is necessary for a successful society?
What is defined as 'social facts' in Durkheim's functionalism?
What is defined as 'social facts' in Durkheim's functionalism?
Which of the following can result from a lack of clear guidance about norms, according to Durkheim?
Which of the following can result from a lack of clear guidance about norms, according to Durkheim?
What analogy does functionalism use to describe society?
What analogy does functionalism use to describe society?
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Study Notes
Functionalism Overview
- Functionalism views society as akin to a biological organism, where interrelated parts must function together for societal harmony.
- A successful society relies on value consensus, meaning individuals share norms and values, facilitating cooperation toward common goals.
Durkheim's Contributions
- Emile Durkheim is a leading figure in functionalism, emphasizing the necessity of understanding the historical emergence of social structures.
- Durkheim posits that society exists as a reality beyond the individuals, shaping their behaviors through "social facts."
Understanding Social Facts
- Social facts include collective beliefs, moral codes, and basic norms passed through generations, exerting coercive power over individuals.
- Individuals' consciousness is shaped by societal beliefs and sentiments rather than their personal inclinations.
Anomie and Social Order
- Durkheim warns against excessive individual freedom, which can lead to confusion and a sense of alienation, termed "anomie."
- Anomie arises when there is a lack of clear moral guidance, which can destabilize individuals' sense of direction in life.
Role of Social Solidarity
- Durkheim argues that societies must cultivate social solidarity to provide individuals with purpose and behavioral norms.
- Key structures fostering social solidarity include family, religion, educational institutions, workplaces, and voluntary organizations.
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