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Questions and Answers
A couple that establishes a new residence independent of parents is practicing ______.
A couple that establishes a new residence independent of parents is practicing ______.
neolocality
The status that can be earned, such as being a doctor or singer, is known as ______.
The status that can be earned, such as being a doctor or singer, is known as ______.
achieved
The belief in multiple gods is referred to as ______.
The belief in multiple gods is referred to as ______.
polytheism
The three phases of a rite of passage include Separation, Liminality, and ______.
The three phases of a rite of passage include Separation, Liminality, and ______.
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The practice where a man marries his deceased brother's wife is known as ______.
The practice where a man marries his deceased brother's wife is known as ______.
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Study Notes
Family Orientation
- Family orientation refers to the family in which a person is born and raised.
- Family of procreation refers to the family formed when a person marries and has children.
Lineage and Descent
- Lineage, also known as lineal, refers to a group of people who trace their ancestry back to a common ancestor.
- Clan, also known as lineage, refers to a group of people who believe they are descended from a common ancestor, but the actual genealogical link isn't always clear.
- Descent traces lineage through either the father's side (patrilineal), mother's side (matrilineal), or both (ambilineal).
- Patrilocal refers to societies where couples live with the husband's family.
- Matrilocal refers to societies where couples live with the wife's family.
- Neolocality refers to societies where couples establish a new residence independent of their parents.
Social Status
- Ascribed status is a social position that an individual is born into, such as race, social class, or family.
- Achieved status is a social position that an individual earns or achieves through their actions, such as becoming a doctor or a musician.
Belief Systems
- Animism is the belief that spirits and supernatural powers inhabit the natural world.
- Polytheism is the belief in multiple gods.
- Monotheism is the belief in a single god.
- Mana refers to a belief in supernatural powers that can be accessed through rituals or objects.
Rites of Passage
- Rites of passage are ceremonies that mark transitions in an individual's life.
- They involve three phases:
- Separation: The individual is removed from their old status.
- Liminality: The individual is in a state of transition, with neither their old nor new status.
- Incorporation: The individual is reintegrated into society with their new status.
Levels of Political Organization
- Band is a small, egalitarian group of people, usually related by kin, who live together and share resources.
- Tribe is a larger social group, typically consisting of multiple bands, who share a common culture and language, often led by a chief or headman.
- Chiefdom is a hierarchical society with centralized leadership, with power vested in a chief or lineage, often with a complex system of social stratification.
- State is a highly complex society with a centralized government, a system of laws, and a professional bureaucracy.
Sexual Orientation
- Heterosexual refers to attraction to members of the opposite sex.
- Homosexual refers to attraction to members of the same sex.
- Bisexual refers to attraction to members of both sexes.
Other
- Edward Burnett Tyler is considered a founder of Anthropology and the study of religion.
- Sororate is a custom where, if a wife dies, her sister replaces her in the marriage.
- Levirate is a custom where, if a husband dies, his brother marries his widow.
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