Sociology Exam Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

What is C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination?

How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.

_ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored _.

Karl Marx; Communism

How can a hypothesis be defined?

A testable proposition.

Which theoretical perspective would most be interested in the relationship and nature of day-to-day exchanges between two social groups?

Symbolic interactionist. Signup and view all the answers

Which theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on their belief in a meritocracy?

Émile Durkheim. Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the term positivism and is considered the father of sociology?

Auguste Comte. Signup and view all the answers

How can a paradigm be defined?

Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them. Signup and view all the answers

____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society.

Structural Functionalists Signup and view all the answers

What kind of research method is used when one analyzes articles, watches documentaries, and interviews participants?

Secondary data analysis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the interpretive framework in sociology?

A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing. Signup and view all the answers

What type of research should Thomas conduct to better understand trends in literacy rates in Baltimore over the past 50 years?

Secondary data analysis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of interpretive framework?

It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of nonreactive research?

Gathering data from government studies. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of participant observation?

Carmen pledging with a popular sorority for her sociology thesis. Signup and view all the answers

What research method is Tyson utilizing by observing and participating with high school students?

Field research. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of research is Miguel conducting on New York City's Stone Wall riots of 1969?

Case study. Signup and view all the answers

Society and culture could not exist without each other.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is xenocentrism?

The opposite of ethnocentrism. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of cultural imperialism as illustrated in Mitch and Kurt's visit to an Amish village?

Kurt's perspective of thinking the Amish don't understand what they're missing. Signup and view all the answers

What do many Americans' actions like paying for haircuts and transportation support?

Capitalism, an example of non-material culture. Signup and view all the answers

How can the term language be defined?

A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a counterculture?

The hippie movement of the 1960's. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction?

The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he... Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

C.Wright Mills and Sociological Imagination

Sociological imagination helps individuals relate personal experiences to broader historical and social contexts.

Karl Marx and Communism

Karl Marx theorized that societal changes stem from class struggles over production means, advocating for communism.

Hypothesis Definition

A hypothesis is a proposition that can be tested through research.

Symbolic Interactionism

A symbolic interactionist focuses on the interactions and exchanges between different social groups, such as higher- and lower-income protestors.

Émile Durkheim's Meritocracy Belief

Émile Durkheim claimed societal advancement occurs based on individuals' belief in a meritocratic system.

Auguste Comte and Positivism

Auguste Comte coined the term positivism and is regarded as the father of sociology.

Paradigms in Sociology

Paradigms serve as philosophical frameworks for theory development and research methodologies.

Structural Functionalism

Structural functionalists view society as a system of interconnected parts serving individual biological and social needs.

Secondary Data Analysis

Alexis studies the 1960s feminist movement through existing documents and interviews, employing secondary data analysis.

Interpretive Framework in Research

Interpretive frameworks aim for comprehensive understanding of social phenomena through observation without hypothesis testing.

Trends in Literacy Rates Research

Thomas should utilize secondary data analysis to examine Baltimore's literacy trends over the past 50 years.

Importance of Interpretive Framework

This framework fosters deep insights into participants' social realities.

Nonreactive Research Example

Nonreactive research includes data collection from government studies without direct interaction with subjects.

Participant Observation

Carmen engages in a sorority to actively understand the pledging process, demonstrating participant observation.

Field Research Method

Tyson conducts field research by immersing himself in the high school environment to explore body image issues among teenagers.

Case Study on Stone Wall Riots

Miguel employs a case study method by collecting varied resources about the 1969 Stone Wall riots.

Society and Culture Interrelationship

Society and culture are interconnected; one cannot exist without the other.

Xenocentrism Understanding

Xenocentrism refers to valuing foreign cultures over one's own, contrasting with ethnocentrism.

Cultural Imperialism Example

Kurt's attitude toward providing materials to the Amish reflects cultural imperialism, assuming their culture is inferior.

Non-material Culture and Capitalism

Americans spending on services like haircuts exemplifies non-material culture supporting capitalist ideals.

Language and Communication

Language serves as a symbolic system for communication and cultural transmission.

Counterculture Example

The 1960s hippie movement is recognized as a prominent counterculture movement.

Informal Sanction Definition

An informal sanction can manifest as social backlash, such as teasing or bullying based on behavior.

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Description

Prepare for your sociology exam with this comprehensive study guide. It includes definitions and key concepts such as C. Wright Mills' sociological imagination and Karl Marx's theories on social class struggles. Perfect for reviewing important sociological terms and theories.