Sociology Concepts Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which concept suggests that every decision we make is influenced by the anticipated benefits and drawbacks?

  • Role taking
  • Exchange theory (correct)
  • Conflict theory
  • Reciprocity

Which theory focuses on how inequalities of power lead to societal conflict?

  • Conflict theory (correct)
  • Life course theory
  • Feminist theories
  • Ecological systems theory

What term describes the expectation that when someone does a favor, the receiver is expected to do something in return?

  • Role taking
  • Developmental tasks
  • Reciprocity (correct)
  • Cost-benefit analysis

Which system, within Ecological Systems Theory, refers to interactions occurring at the community level, such as school or neighborhood?

<p>Exosystem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In prehistoric societies, when were children generally considered to have transitioned into adulthood?

<p>When they began contributing to survival efforts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'role taking' serve as, according to the content?

<p>A basis for human interaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines subjective qualities as described in the text?

<p>Qualities based on individual interpretation of feedback (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'rites of passage' refer to?

<p>Events marking a transition from one life stage to another (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to systems theory, how does the arrival of a child affect the family?

<p>It transforms the family into a new system with altered interactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept from symbolic interactionism best describes the stress that can arise when new parents find their roles are different than expected?

<p>Role strain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the transition to parenthood typically affect friendships?

<p>Friendships may become strained due to shifting interests and priorities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of the time renegotiation of roles during the transition to parenthood?

<p>Balancing career demands, parenting responsibilities and family needs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the findings of Harlow’s monkey experiments in relation to parent-child relationships?

<p>Monkeys favoured the cloth mother that provided comfort and security. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a census family from other living arrangements?

<p>A defined structure that includes married or common-law couples, or a single parent with children, all residing in the same dwelling. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a core function of the family according to the Vanier Institute?

<p>Financial investment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the definition of a census family changed since 1996?

<p>It has expanded to include common-law couples and grandchildren living with grandparents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a blended family?

<p>It includes children from previous relationships of one or both parents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'cohabitation' or 'common-law' as the term is applied to Canadian families?

<p>A relationship between a couple that is considered to be marriage because the couple have lived together for a long period of time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the census, can an adult child living with their parents still be counted as part of the census family?

<p>Yes, as long as they do not have their own spouse, partner, or children living in the same dwelling. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which family type is defined by parents and their children, without the inclusion of other relatives?

<p>Nuclear family (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a grandparent is living with their grandchildren, when are they considered a census family?

<p>When the grandchildren's parents are not present in the dwelling. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT identified as a key aspect of maintaining a healthy relationship?

<p>Expressing agreement on all major decisions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided text, what shift in family structures is indicated by census data?

<p>A move towards diverse family structures and single-person households (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of early colonial families in Canada, what characterized First Nations family structures?

<p>Matrilineal and matrilocal systems with men hunting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective views marriage as a reflection of shared meanings and personal connections?

<p>Symbolic interactionism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of common-law relationships, as described in the text?

<p>They often involve a sharing of resources without the same level of formal commitment as marriage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided information, what is a potential consequence for couples who cohabitate before marriage?

<p>They are more likely to divorce than those who get married without cohabitating. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'principle of least interest' in relationships suggests that:

<p>The partner who is less emotionally invested generally holds more power. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of marriage, what does 'egalitarian' partnership mean?

<p>A relationship where partners share power and responsibilities equally (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role is traditionally associated with women in relationships when described as an 'expressive role'?

<p>Nurturing and emotional care. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a stage within a marriage that involves learning what makes your partner happy?

<p>Honeymoon stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary struggles that families in the movie Blended face?

<p>Adjusting to new parental figures and step-siblings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the movie Blended, what do Jim's daughters initially struggle with?

<p>Accepting Lauren as a new figure in their lives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the movie emphasize as essential for building trust in blended families?

<p>Communication, patience, and time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the movie Blended portray non-traditional parenting dynamics?

<p>By showing single parents taking on multiple responsibilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common emotional struggle that children in blended families face, as shown in Blended?

<p>Adjusting to new family structures and dealing with parental absences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the movie, what can help children thrive in new family settings?

<p>Humor, shared experiences, and mutual understanding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a core theme of the movie Blended regarding the definition of a family?

<p>That love, care, and mutual respect define a family (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the movie 'Blended' relate to the evolving views on families in Canada?

<p>It reflects Canada's growing understanding of the diversity in family structures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the early stages of industrialization, what was the common practice regarding children's labor?

<p>Children were primarily sent to work in other households, away from their families. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What societal change does the text identify as contributing to the development of a phase between childhood and adulthood?

<p>The prioritization of education and the development of schooling. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Middle-Eastern Islamic families often structure the progression from childhood to adulthood?

<p>By placing an emphasis on completing formal education and then getting married and starting a family. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Erik Erikson's stages of life, which crisis is most associated with adolescence?

<p>Identity vs. Role Confusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development involves thinking abstractly and hypothetically?

<p>Formal Operational Thinking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Klaus Riegel's dimension of development emphasize?

<p>The way development consistently changes over time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What markers traditionally defined adulthood but are now often delayed?

<p>Getting married. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'emerging adulthood' primarily characterized by, as described in the text?

<p>A life stage where individuals explore their identity, education, and relationships with less commitment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason the text gives for why young adults might stay in their parental home longer?

<p>To save money and reduce personal expenses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What perspective would assert that leaving home is linked to preparing for societal roles?

<p>Functionalism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chronological clock primarily defined by?

<p>The number of years since birth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the biological clock primarily concern?

<p>Physical development and changes including puberty. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, what is the key conflict in stage 1 (0-18 months)?

<p>Trust vs Mistrust (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the virtue associated with the successful resolution of Erikson's stage involving autonomy vs shame and doubt?

<p>Will (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What main question relates to Erikson's 3rd stage of development, initiative vs guilt?

<p>Am I good or bad? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Objective Qualities

Qualities like height, weight, and hair color that are objectively measurable.

Subjective Qualities

Qualities like being funny or friendly that rely on personal interpretation and feedback.

Role Taking

The process of understanding and taking on the perspectives of others to enhance social interaction.

Exchange Theory

The idea that every social interaction involves an exchange of costs and benefits.

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Reciprocity

The expectation that favors will be returned, creating a sense of obligation.

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Cost-Benefit Analysis

A structured approach to decision-making, analyzing the potential costs and benefits of a choice.

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Conflict Theory

A theory that examines how power imbalances in a society create conflict and competition among groups.

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Life Course Theory

A theory that emphasizes how individuals and families change over time, adapting to new developmental stages.

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Family

A group of people who are related to each other, such as parents, children, siblings, and extended family members.

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Census Family

A family as defined by Statistics Canada, including married or common-law couples with or without children, single parents with at least one child, and grandchildren living with their grandparents if no parents are present.

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Nuclear Family

Traditionally, this family structure includes a married couple and their biological or adopted children. It is considered a 'traditional' family.

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Extended Family

This family structure includes the nuclear family plus other relatives like grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc. This type of family often involves multiple generations living together.

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Blended Family

A family formed after one or both partners were in a previous marriage. It includes children from previous relationships, sometimes blending into one whole family.

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Single/Lone Parent Family

A family with only one parent raising their children, often due to divorce, separation, or death of a partner.

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Cohabitation/Common-law

This relationship involves two people who are not officially married but live together as a couple.

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Matrilocal Family

A family structure where the husband resides in his wife's family home. The couple lives near her family.

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Transition to Parenthood

The shift from a relationship focused on a couple to one including a child, requiring new roles and expectations.

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Role Overload

The stress that comes from having too many new roles and responsibilities to manage, especially when transitioning to parenthood.

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Renegotiating Relationships

The process of adapting and changing established routines, responsibilities, and expectations to accommodate the arrival of a child.

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Systems Theory and Parenthood

The theory explaining how changes within one part of a family system (like a new child) affect the whole system's dynamics.

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Symbolic Interactionism and Parenthood

The ways couples interpret and understand their new roles as parents, which can lead to disagreements due to societal expectations about gender.

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Adjusting to New Family Dynamics

This refers to the challenges children face when adjusting to a new family dynamic, like having a step-parent or step-siblings.

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Embracing Family Diversity

This emphasizes that there is no single 'right' way for a family to be structured and that what matters most is love, care, and respect.

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Building Trust in Blended Families

The movie illustrates how communication, patience, and time are crucial for building trust and strong bonds within blended families.

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Evolving Parenting Roles

The movie highlights the evolving role of parenting, where both parents, regardless of gender, share household and caregiving responsibilities.

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Thriving in Blended Families

The movie demonstrates how laughter, shared experiences, and mutual understanding can help children thrive in new family settings.

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Emotional Complexities in Blended Families

This refers to the emotional complexities children face in blended families, including grieving the loss of a parent or adjusting to a new parent figure.

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Challenges and Triumphs of Blended Families

The film uses humor and real-life situations to show how blended families navigate challenges and celebrate successes.

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Marriage Stages and Cycle

The idea that relationships evolve through stages with differing characteristics, from initial passion to long-term stability.

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Egalitarian Relationship

A relationship where both partners share power equally, making decisions together and respecting each other's contributions.

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Principle of Least Interest

The concept that the person invested less in a relationship has more power, as they have less to lose by ending it.

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Factors Influencing Decision To Have Children

Refers to decisions regarding family planning and the factors that influence them, such as economic stability or personal values.

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Expressing Feelings

The ability of partners to express their emotions and needs in a constructive and respectful way, fostering open communication.

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Companionate Relationship

A type of relationship that emphasizes close friendship, companionship, and shared interests, alongside romantic love.

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Defining Conflict in Relationships

Disagreements or clashes within a relationship arising from differing needs, perspectives, or values.

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Conflict Resolution Strategies

Involves strategies to resolve conflicts effectively, including communication, compromise, and respect for each other's perspectives.

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Support, Encourage, and Comfort

The ability to support and cherish each other through life's challenges, offering emotional strength and encouragement.

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Becoming an Adult

The process of becoming an adult is influenced by a combination of biological changes, societal expectations, and personal development. It involves reaching key milestones like finishing school, starting a career, forming relationships, and achieving financial independence.

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Emerging Adulthood

The period of life between adolescence and full adulthood, typically from ages 18 to 25, is marked by exploration of identity, education, and relationships without complete commitment to adult responsibilities.

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Social Clock

A set of societal norms and expectations that determine when specific events, such as marriage or starting a family, should occur in a person's life.

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Formal Operational Thinking

The ability to think abstractly, solve complex problems, and consider multiple perspectives.

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Post-conventional Morality

The ability to make moral judgments based on universal principles of justice and fairness, recognizing rights and ethical considerations.

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Dimensions of Development

The process of changing and adapting throughout life, with each change requiring adjustments and growth.

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Ego Development

The theory that childhood experiences and relationships shape a person's identity and development over time, with a focus on forming a sense of self.

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Family Life Framework

A framework that outlines key transitions and events in a person's life as they move through different family stages, from childhood to adulthood.

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Eight Stages of Life

Erikson's theory focusing on eight stages of psychosocial development, each involving a crisis or turning point to be resolved positively or negatively.

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Trust vs. Mistrust

Erikson's first stage, where infants learn to trust their caregivers, crucial to developing a sense of security and hope for the future.

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Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Erikson's second stage, where toddlers learn to assert their independence and develop a sense of autonomy by exploring their surroundings and making their own choices.

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Initiative vs. Guilt

Erikson's third stage, where preschoolers are striving to initiate activities and take on new tasks, learning to balance initiative with the potential for guilt over their actions.

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Historical Perspective of Adulthood

The transition from childhood to adulthood was traditionally marked by key milestones such as getting married, starting a family, and achieving financial independence at a younger age.

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Failure to Launch

The delay of traditional markers of adulthood, such as marriage and financial independence, often attributed to factors like longer education and changing societal expectations.

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Middle-Eastern Islamic Families

A cultural perspective emphasizing separate roles for children and adolescents, often guided by religious values and traditions, emphasizing the importance of education, marriage, and family.

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Study Notes

Defining Family

  • A census family includes married or common-law couples (with or without children), single parents with at least one child living with them, or grandchildren living with their grandparents (if no parents are present), all living in the same dwelling.
  • Children can be biological or adopted, and age or marital status is irrelevant as long as they don't have their own spouse, partner, or children in the household.
  • The definition of a census family evolved between 1996 and 2015 to reflect societal changes and living arrangements.

Family Terminology

  • Nuclear family: Parents and their children.
  • Extended family: Includes parents, children, and other relatives like grandparents, aunts, and uncles.
  • Blended family: Includes children from a previous marriage of one or both parents.
  • Lone parent/single parent family: One parent and their children.
  • Cohabitation/common-law: A relationship between a couple who live together.
  • Kinship: Family connections or close bonds.
  • Matriarchal: A woman who leads or dominates the family or group.
  • Patriarchal: A family, group, or government controlled by a man or group of men.
  • Egalitarian: Equal wealth and status for all people.
  • Exogamy: Marriage outside a specific group as required by custom or law.

Changes in Family Definition

  • 1996: Focused on nuclear families: married couples and their children, or lone parents with at least one child. Did not include common-law couples unless explicitly specified and did not include grandchildren living with grandparents without parents present.
  • 2015: Expanded to include common-law couples and their children, giving legal recognition to non-marital partners. Recognized grandchildren living with their grandparents (with no parents present) as forming a census family. Clarified that children remain part of the census family regardless of age or marital status, as long as they live in the dwelling and do not have their own family in the home.

Additional Information

  • Micro impacts of family: Behaviour within family units.
  • Macro impacts of family: Societal-level responses.
  • 50 Years of The Family (Vanier Institute Chronology): Describes pre-war, post-war, 1960s-1980s, and 21st century family trends with specific examples.

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