Sociology Chapter Overview Quiz

A learned, shared, transmitted and changing aspect of human society containing norms, beliefs, values and practices.

A group of people sharing a common language, territory, history, or cultural identity who are united within a political system.

The idea that social structures like family, education, and economy work together to maintain the stability of a society.

Parsons saw society as a system with essential tasks for survival, like providing education and maintaining order.

The unintended and often unrecognized consequences of a social pattern. For example, keeping young people out of the job market.

The intended and recognized consequences of a social pattern. For example, imparting knowledge in education.

Undesirable outcomes resulting from social patterns, potentially harming the society, like inequality.

This view emphasizes societal harmony, stability, and order as a natural state.

This approach focuses on social inequalities and conflict as the driving forces of change in society.

The view that conflict is inherent in society, often based on divisions of power and resources.

The process of generating predictions about relationships between variables, which can be tested through research.

The specific plan for collecting and analyzing data to address the research question or hypothesis.

The stage where the researcher gathers information to answer the research questions or test the hypotheses.

Analyzing the collected data to draw conclusions about the research question or hypothesis.

A written report summarizing the entire research process, including the findings, conclusions, and recommendations.

A position or rank that an individual occupies within a social group or society.

The set of expected behaviors, rights, and obligations associated with a particular social status.

The idea that our understanding of reality is shaped by social interactions and cultural values, rather than being simply objective or natural.

The systematic study of human society and social behavior, focusing on how individuals and groups interact within larger social structures. It examines patterns, relationships, and influences shaping our lives.

A key concept in sociology, emphasizing that our perceptions, behaviors, and social identities are shaped by the social groups and contexts we inhabit. It challenges individualistic explanations.

Broad frameworks or lenses used in sociology to understand social phenomena. They offer different perspectives on social structures, power dynamics, and individual actions within society.

Sociology employs scientific methods to study social phenomena systematically. It uses observation, data analysis, and rigorous research to understand social patterns and relationships.

The process by which individuals learn and internalize the norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors of their culture. It occurs throughout life, shaping our understanding of the world and our place in it.

A set of rules and expectations guiding behavior within a social group or society. These norms can be formal (laws) or informal (customs) and serve to maintain social order and stability.

Any action or behavior that deviates from accepted social norms. Deviance can range from minor infractions to serious crimes and is often shaped by cultural values and social structures.

A system of social stratification in which individuals are ranked based on their economic position, wealth, occupation, and education. It involves unequal distribution of resources and opportunities.

The process of moving up or down the social stratification system, often based on factors like education, occupation, and wealth. Types of mobility include upward, downward, and intergenerational.

The basic unit of social organization in most societies, characterized by intimate relationships, shared responsibilities, and the raising of children. It serves crucial functions for individuals and society as a whole.

Abstract standards of goodness that guide a society's behavior and values.

Specific beliefs individuals hold as true or false, influencing their actions.

Shared expectations within a society that govern behavior, like rules of conduct.

Norms that specify what behavior is prohibited in a society, often carrying strong disapproval.

Norms that specify what behavior is expected or encouraged in a society, often leading to positive regard.

Society's strong standards of moral conduct considered essential for maintaining a way of life.

Society's casual customs for everyday interactions, carrying less moral weight than mores.

Social patterns that are actually practiced by individuals in society, often falling short of ideal expectations.

The concept that suggests cultural differences are shrinking due to the global flow of goods, information, and people.

The uneven distribution of globalization's effects, with urban areas being more connected than rural regions.

The argument that Western societies have a disproportionate influence on global culture.

The idea that the global culture thesis overlooks the fact that not everyone has equal access to new goods and services, particularly in developing countries.

The recognition that people in different cultures may interpret and value the same practices differently, leading to misunderstandings.

The idea that culture, while restrictive, also provides opportunities for individual and societal growth.

The argument that we are bound by the norms and values of our culture, even if we don't consciously choose them.

The essential human capacity to learn and adapt to social behavior, present from birth.