4.3.3 The dark side of family relationships
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Questions and Answers

According to the provided excerpt, which of these perspectives views the nuclear family as inherently beneficial for both individuals and society?

  • Feminist theory
  • The 'dark side' of family relationships perspective
  • Marxist theory
  • Functionalist theory (correct)
  • What is the main critique of the functionalist view of the family presented in the excerpt?

  • It does not account for the role of extended family networks in supporting families.
  • It overemphasizes the economic benefits of the nuclear family.
  • It fails to recognize the potential for conflict and abuse within families. (correct)
  • It wrongly assumes that all families operate on egalitarian principles.
  • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of family life that, according to Anthony Giddens, contributes to the risk of violence?

  • Economic dependence (correct)
  • Personal intimacy
  • Emotional intensity
  • Strong emotions
  • The excerpt suggests that the growing isolation of the nuclear family might be contributing to what?

    <p>An intensification of emotions within the family (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following theorists is cited as recognizing the paradoxical nature of family relationships, where love and violence can coexist?

    <p>Cheal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The excerpt suggests that the 'dark side' of family relationships is primarily directed towards which group?

    <p>Women and children (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential contributor to dysfunctional family relationships?

    <p>Lack of financial resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The excerpt suggests that which of the following is a potential consequence of failing to acknowledge the 'dark side' of family relationships?

    <p>Perpetuation of harmful patterns within families (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Laing, what is a potential source of anxiety within families?

    <p>The fear of being disliked or rejected by family members. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Laing describe the dynamics within families that can lead to mental illness?

    <p>Family members become suspicious of each other's motives and form alliances for mutual protection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Laing's main argument concerning the link between family relationships and mental illness?

    <p>Family dynamics can create an environment that predisposes individuals to mental illness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the family dynamics described by Laing?

    <p>Increased trust and intimacy between family members. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Laing's central metaphor for the behavior of family members in his theory?

    <p>A group of gangsters offering protection and love for mutual gain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind the high rates of femicide globally?

    <p>Patriarchal structures and the socialization of men into hegemonic masculinity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The text mentions that 'honor'-related murders are often committed to protect family reputation. Which of the following is NOT a reason cited for such murders?

    <p>To eliminate potential financial burdens on the family (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statistics is NOT mentioned in the text regarding domestic violence and its consequences?

    <p>The WHO and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine estimate that over 35% of female murders are committed by intimate partners. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Jordan Stephens (2017), what is a contributing factor to the crisis of masculinity that leads to harmful behavior towards women?

    <p>The lack of emotional support and encouragement for men to express vulnerability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main argument of radical psychiatrists like Edmund Leach (1967) in relation to the nuclear family?

    <p>The isolation and privatization of the nuclear family can lead to increased emotional strain and conflict. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential impact of the socialization of boys into hegemonic masculinity?

    <p>It can lead to the abuse of male power and legitimize harmful behaviors towards women. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to the prevalence of 'honor'-related murders, according to the text?

    <p>The need to protect women from potential harm in society. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text present the statistics on domestic violence and femicide?

    <p>The statistics are likely underestimated due to underreporting, particularly in less developed countries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of toxic masculinity, as described in the text?

    <p>It perpetuates the belief that men are entitled to power and control over women. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest is a potential solution to the crisis of masculinity and the associated harmful behaviors?

    <p>Men should learn to acknowledge and express their emotions, including vulnerability and sadness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The text mentions that the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) reported that ______ women were murdered worldwide in 2012 within the family.

    <p>437,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The text cites a Thomson Reuters Foundation Survey in 2018 that ranked India as the most dangerous country in the world for women due to which of the following practices?

    <p>Forced child marriages, child trafficking and slavery, stoning, and female infanticide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The text states that _____ children are murdered each year by family members in the UK, on average.

    <p>200 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what is the estimated number of murders in the name of 'honor' each year worldwide?

    <p>5,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The text mentions a study by the WHO and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine that indicates ______ of all murders of men are committed by their spouses or other family members.

    <p>5% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of children murdered each year worldwide?

    <p>60,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Laing's theory of family relationships

    Laing suggested that family dynamics contribute to mental illness, including schizophrenia, through destructive relationships.

    Nuclear family intensity

    The high emotional stakes in a nuclear family can lead to anxiety about love and favoritism.

    Formation of alliances

    Family members may form alliances to gain favor and love, often siding with one parent against another.

    Mutual suspicion

    Ongoing alliances can lead to mutual distrust, where family members question each other's motives.

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    Long-term feuds

    Destructive family dynamics can result in lasting arguments and conflicts that persist for years.

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    Functionalist Theory of Family

    A perspective that views the family as a positive institution that fulfills essential functions for individuals and society.

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    Nuclear Family

    A family unit consisting of two parents and their children, often viewed as the ideal family structure in functionalism.

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    Parsons' View

    Parsons believed the nuclear family provided love and intimacy, meeting basic human emotional needs.

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    Egalitarian Family Role

    A family structure where domestic tasks and decision-making are shared equally between partners.

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    Dark Side of Family Relationships

    The idea that family life can also involve dysfunction and harm, particularly to vulnerable members.

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    Domestic Violence

    Harmful behaviors within a family that can include physical, emotional, or psychological abuse.

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    Emotional Intensity in Family Life

    The strong emotions within families can lead to escalated conflicts and violence.

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    Isolation of Nuclear Family

    The separation of families from extended relatives, potentially increasing emotional intensity and dysfunction.

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    Femicide

    The killing of women because of their gender.

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    Intimate Partner Violence

    Abuse by a spouse or partner in an intimate relationship.

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    Honor Killings

    Murders committed to protect family reputation for perceived transgressions.

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    Toxic Masculinity

    Social norms that define masculinity in harmful ways.

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    Hegemonic Masculinity

    A dominant form of masculinity that asserts male power.

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    Child Abuse

    Mistreatment of children by family members or caregivers.

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    Radical Psychiatry

    A perspective that links family dynamics to mental health issues.

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    UNODC Statistics

    Data from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime regarding crime rates.

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    Masculine Norms

    Social expectations associated with male behavior.

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    Victims of Homicide

    Individuals who have been murdered.

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    Expectations in Families

    Emotional demands that family members place on each other.

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    Cultural Practices

    Traditional customs that can contribute to violence against women.

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    Child Murders

    The act of killing a child, often by family members.

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    Socialization

    The process through which individuals learn societal norms and roles.

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    Study Notes

    Functionalist View of the Family

    • Functionalists present an idealized view of the nuclear family, emphasizing positive relationships and love.
    • Parsons saw the nuclear family as fulfilling basic human needs for love and intimacy.
    • Marriage is crucial for companionship, emotional support, and psychological well-being.
    • Willmott and Young suggest the nuclear family is egalitarian in domestic tasks and decision-making.
    • This perspective largely views the nuclear family as beneficial for both individuals and society.
    • The New Right echoes this view, promoting the nuclear family as the ideal.

    Criticisms of the Functionalist View

    • Feminist and Marxist critiques challenge the functionalist ideal of the family.
    • These perspectives argue that modern family structures favor men and the ruling class at the expense of women and the working class.
    • This unit focuses on the “dark side” of family life, highlighting potential dysfunction and harm.

    Domestic Violence and Abuse

    • Family relationships can easily turn from love to violence due to intense emotions.
    • Cheal (2002) notes that families are contexts of both love and violence.
    • Ciddens (1992) argues that emotional intensity and intimacy within families make violence more common.
    • Isolation from extended kinship can increase the intensity of conflicts.
    • Global statistics show significantly high rates of family-related violence, murder, and abuse. (e.g., domestic violence, child abuse, femicide).
    • Rates of domestic violence against women and child abuse are alarmingly high globally and in specific countries like the UK and Europe.
    • WHO reports that three-quarters of global violence is domestic in nature and only reports are tabulated.
    • “Honour” related murders are perpetrated when girls or women are killed for perceived transgressions (e.g., adultery, pregnancy outside marriage).
    • Perpetrators often justify these murders as protecting family reputation, tradition, or religious beliefs, although it can be used to hide other crimes such as incest.
    • This type of violence occurs frequently in the Middle East, South Asia, and migrant communities elsewhere.
    • WHO estimates 5,000 such murders annually worldwide (underestimation is probable).

    Toxic Masculinity

    • Toxic masculinity, a particular form of hegemonic masculinity, negatively impacts relationships.
    • It often underpins patriarchy and legitimizes the abuse of male power.
    • Gender role socialization within families may contribute to these norms.
    • Some men may perceive sexist and abusive behavior as socially acceptable.
    • Jordan Stephens (2017) suggests that males are socialized to suppress emotions and see power over others as essential.
    • The resulting trauma and inability to recognize and heal child-related or familial trauma prevents genuine self-love, trust, and true equality in relationships.

    Radical Psychiatrist View

    • Radical psychiatrists argue that family life can cause mental illness.
    • Edmund Leach (1967) suggests that the nuclear family's isolation and secrets cause emotional stress.
    • Parents and children often face unrealistic expectations, leading to conflict.
    • R.D. Laing (1971) argued that the intensity of nuclear families creates anxieties about love and acceptance; leading to alliances and rivalry that can be destructive.
    • Family members can become emotionally suspicious of each other, leading to mental breakdown, arguments, and long lasting feuds.

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    Description

    Explore the functionalist view of the family and its emphasis on the nuclear family as an ideal structure. Delve into critiques from feminist and Marxist perspectives that highlight the potential dysfunctions and inequalities within family life, including issues of domestic violence and abuse.

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