Questions and Answers
What is covered in this chapter on families? (Select all that apply)
What is a family?
Groups of people related by birth, affinity, or cohabitation.
Define 'family household'.
A group of people who share a relationship by blood, marriage, or legal adoption living together.
What is marriage?
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What constitutes a nuclear family?
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Define 'extended family'.
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What changes have occurred in Canadian families?
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What is deinstitutionalization of marriage?
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The average number of children per woman over her lifetime is referred to as _____ rates.
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What is the one-child policy?
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What is structural functionalism?
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Who developed the structural functionalist theory?
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What is conflict theory?
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Provide an example of family violence.
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Define monogamy.
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What distinguishes polygamy?
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What are some social changes impacting the family? (Select all that apply)
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Study Notes
Overview of Family Changes
- Modern families are experiencing significant changes in structure and function.
- Focus on the family's evolving role in society amidst these changes.
Definition of Families
- Families are groups connected by birth, affinity, or cohabitation, often differing in their configurations.
- Modern definitions include extended family members and adopted members, reflecting diversity.
Family Household
- A family household consists of individuals related by blood, marriage, or legal adoption living together.
Marriage
- Marriage is a legal agreement enabling couples to live together and raise children.
Types of Families
- Nuclear family includes two adults and one or more children.
- Extended family adds multiple generations living together.
Changes in Family Structure in Canada
- There's a decline in traditional nuclear families and an increase in unmarried couples cohabitating.
Canadian Household Trends (1981-2014)
- Decrease in married couples with children and single-parent households has risen.
- Changes influenced by less stigma surrounding various family forms and increasing individualism.
Deinstitutionalization of Marriage
- Marriage norms are weakening, leading to varied family arrangements such as childbearing outside of wedlock and acceptance of same-sex marriages.
Cohabitation
- Cohabitation refers to couples living together without legal marriage, gaining popularity since the 1970s and treated similarly to marriage by Canadian law.
Teen Pregnancy
- Teen pregnancy rates in Canada are declining and are significantly lower than in the U.S.
Social Changes Influencing Families
- Rising educational attainment and participation of women in the workforce lead to delayed marriages and higher divorce rates.
- Declining religiosity contributes to increased cohabitation and single-parent households.
- Growing individualism is reshaping perceptions of marriage from institutional to personal significance.
Arranged Marriages
- Arranged marriages involve third-party selection and still exist in many cultures, often resulting in greater marital satisfaction and stability.
Marriage Types
- Institutional marriage focuses on societal benefits rather than personal happiness.
- Companionate marriage emphasizes mutual satisfaction and defined roles within the family unit.
- Individualized marriages cater to personal fulfillment and flexibility in meeting spouses' varied needs.
Perspectives on Marriage
- The marriage movement advocates for strengthening marriage as beneficial for children.
- Diversity defenders argue for the viability of single-parent families when adequately supported.
Monogamy and Polygamy
- Monogamy involves exclusive relationships, while polygamy, though illegal in Canada and the U.S., raises concerns regarding gender inequality and social harm.
Fertility Trends
- Fertility rates are declining, with North America not replacing its population through births alone.
One-Child Policy
- China's one-child policy aimed to curb population growth, with select exemptions in place.
Theoretical Frameworks
- Structural functionalism emphasizes family functions for societal stability, including reproduction, socialization, support, and regulation of behavior.
- Conflict theory critiques family dynamics, highlighting power imbalances and the reproduction of societal inequalities.
Family Violence
- Family violence encompasses various forms of abuse and is often underreported due to stigma and fear.
Incest Taboo
- An incest taboo prevents sexual relations between certain family members due to risks of genetic disorders and familial complications.
Key Insights
- The chapter explores the multifaceted role of family in social dynamics, includes discussions on changing marital norms, societal influences on family structures, and theoretical analyses of family roles.
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Description
This quiz explores the key concepts from Chapter 8, focusing on the changes within family structures and their functions in society. It discusses how societal perceptions of families have evolved and the diverse nature of familial relationships. Test your knowledge on the role of families and their dynamics in contemporary society.
