Sociology Chapter 8 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is Social Class?

  • A government system
  • A list of all individuals in a society
  • A set of concepts in social sciences that groups people into hierarchical categories (correct)
  • A type of modern architecture

    • What is Intragenerational Mobility?

    Changes in social status or class throughout a person's adult life.

    Define Closed System.

    A system of social stratification that allows for little or no possibility of individual social mobility.

    What characterizes a Slave System?

    <p>A form of social stratification where people are forced to serve others and are sometimes owned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Social Class System?

    <p>A form of social stratification based on economic power, with both ascribed and achieved positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Horizontal Mobility.

    <p>A form of social mobility where a person stays in the same social class but changes occupation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Ascribed Status?

    <p>A social position assigned by society without regard for unique characteristics or talents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Vertical Mobility.

    <p>Movement between social positions up or down the social class ladder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Caste System?

    <p>A form of social stratification where positions are ascribed, and members are expected to marry within hereditary ranks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Social Mobility refer to?

    <p>Movement of an individual or group from one rank to another rank, up or down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Estate System.

    <p>A form of social stratification where land is held by nobility, and peasants work the land in exchange for protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Intergenerational Mobility?

    <p>Changes in the social position of children relative to their parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Achieved Status?

    <p>A social status earned or gained due to hard work or talent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Social Inequality.

    <p>A societal condition where some groups have greater wealth, prestige, and power than others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Social Stratification?

    <p>The layering of groups in society based on ranking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Open System.

    <p>A system of social stratification that allows for social mobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Prestige?

    <p>The respect an occupation holds in society, independent of the individual holding the job.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Income.

    <p>Money received from work, rents, or royalties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Social Class and Stratification

    • Social Class: Hierarchical categories in society based on factors like economic status; includes examples like the working class.
    • Closed System: Social stratification with minimal mobility; often based on ascribed status, e.g., caste system in India.
    • Social Class System: Current ranking based on economic power in industrial societies, combining both ascribed and achieved statuses.

    Mobility Types

    • Intragenerational Mobility: Change in social status during a person's life; e.g., moving from middle class to underclass or advancing to a better job.
    • Horizontal Mobility: Change in occupation within the same social class, e.g., switching from bus driver to hotel clerk.
    • Vertical Mobility: Movement up or down the social ladder, e.g., from bus driver to lawyer.
    • Intergenerational Mobility: Change in social position relative to parents; e.g., a child becomes a star while parents were factory workers.

    Status Types

    • Ascribed Status: Social position assigned at birth, unchangeable; e.g., wealth passed from upper-class families to their offspring.
    • Achieved Status: Status earned through effort and capability, such as becoming a doctor after education.

    Forms of Stratification

    • Caste System: Rigid form of social stratification in agrarian societies, requiring marriage within hierarchical ranks.
    • Estate System: Nobility holding land while peasants provide labor and taxes for protection, seen in pre-industrial England.
    • Slave System: Forced servitude where individuals are owned, exemplified by the historical U.S. context.
    • Social Inequality: Disparity in wealth, power, and prestige among groups; more pronounced in slave, caste, and estate systems than in class systems.

    Additional Concepts

    • Social Mobility: Movement between ranks; can be upward or downward.
    • Open System: A stratification system allowing for mobility, influenced by achieved status.
    • Prestige: Respect and societal standing associated with certain occupations, like a doctor versus a hairdresser.
    • Income: Monetary earnings from work, property, or royalties, essential to understanding economic status.
    • Digital Divide: A growing concern regarding unequal access to technology and its socioeconomic implications.

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    Test your understanding of social stratification and class in the United States with these flashcards. Explore key concepts such as social class and intragenerational mobility. Perfect for students studying sociology and related social sciences.

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