Sociology Chapter 8 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is social stratification?

  • The materials and methods used to produce goods and services
  • Division of society into categories, ranks, or classes (correct)
  • Marriage outside of one's social category
  • Equal sharing of scarce resources and social rewards

    • What is social inequality?

    Unequal sharing of scarce resources and social rewards

    What defines a caste system?

    Resources and social awards are distributed on the basis of ascribed statuses

    What is exogamy?

    <p>Marriage outside of one's social category</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is endogamy?

    <p>Marriage within one's social category</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a class system?

    <p>Distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined on the basis of achieved status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term bourgeoisie refer to?

    <p>The owners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does proletariat refer to?

    <p>The workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social class?

    <p>A group of people with similar levels of wealth, power, and prestige</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of wealth?

    <p>Made up of his or her assets, the value of everything the person owns and income money earned through salaries, investment returns and other capital gains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is power?

    <p>Ability to control the behaviors of others with or without their consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is prestige?

    <p>Respect, honor, recognition, or courtesy an individual receives from others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does socioeconomic status rank individuals by?

    <p>Wealth, power, and prestige</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are means of production?

    <p>The materials and methods used to produce goods and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean to synthesize?

    <p>To blend</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reputational method?

    <p>Individuals in the community are asked to rank other community members based on what they know of their characters and lifestyles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the subjective method?

    <p>Individuals are asked to determine their own social rank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective method?

    <p>Sociologists define social class by income, occupation, and education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social advancement?

    <p>The process of moving up through the ranks of a class system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social mobility?

    <p>A movement between or within social classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is horizontal mobility?

    <p>Refers to moving within a social class or stratum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is vertical mobility?

    <p>Movement between social classes or strata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is intragenerational mobility?

    <p>Social position in one person's life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is intergenerational mobility?

    <p>Status differences between generations in the same family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is poverty?

    <p>Standard of living that is below the minimum level considered adequate by society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the poverty level?

    <p>The minimum income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are life chances?

    <p>Likelihood that individuals have of sharing in the opportunities and benefits of society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is life expectancy?

    <p>Average number of years a person born in a particular year can expect to live</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are transfer payments?

    <p>Redistribute money within society by funneling a percentage of tax revenues to groups that need public assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Social Stratification and Inequality

    • Social stratification refers to the structured division of society into categories, ranks, or classes.
    • Social inequality involves the unequal distribution of resources and social rewards among individuals or groups.

    Types of Social Systems

    • Caste system dictates resource distribution based on ascribed statuses, often hereditary.
    • Class system allows for social mobility through achieved statuses, defining distribution based on personal merit.

    Marriage Systems

    • Exogamy encourages marrying outside one's social category.
    • Endogamy promotes marriage within the same social category, often strengthening social ties.

    Economic Classes

    • Bourgeoisie are the owners of the means of production, controlling economic resources.
    • Proletariat represents the working class, reliant on selling their labor for economic sustenance.

    Understanding Social Class

    • Social class comprises individuals sharing similar wealth, power, and prestige levels.
    • Socioeconomic status ranks individuals by wealth, power, and prestige, influencing their social position.

    Wealth, Power, and Prestige

    • Wealth includes all assets owned by a person, including income from salaries and investments.
    • Power denotes the ability to influence or control others, irrespective of their consent.
    • Prestige is the respect or recognition received from society.

    Measuring Social Class

    • Reputational method relies on community opinions to rank individuals based on character and lifestyle.
    • Subjective method involves individuals self-assessing their social rank.
    • Objective method employs measurable factors like income, occupation, and education to classify social status.

    Social Mobility

    • Social advancement refers to the rise through the ranks within a class system, improving one's social status.
    • Social mobility encompasses movements between or within varying social classes, affecting personal and family status.
    • Horizontal mobility signifies a shift within the same social class, such as changing jobs without altering status.
    • Vertical mobility indicates a transition between social classes, like moving from a low-wage job to a management role.

    Generational Mobility

    • Intragenerational mobility examines changes in a person's social position over their lifetime.
    • Intergenerational mobility looks at status differences across generations within a single family.

    Poverty and Life Chances

    • Poverty signifies living standards below societal minimum adequacy levels.
    • The poverty level outlines the minimum income required to meet basic needs.
    • Life chances describe the probability of individuals accessing societal opportunities and resources.
    • Life expectancy represents the average number of years individuals born in a specific year are anticipated to live.

    Economic Support Systems

    • Transfer payments function to redistribute wealth in society, aiding those in public assistance through tax revenues.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of sociology concepts with these flashcards from Chapter 8. Learn about social stratification, inequality, the caste system, and more. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of key sociological terms.

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