Questions and Answers
Which theory best describes Ally's experience?
The term deviance can be defined as:
What is the difference between a violent crime and a hate crime?
Jake receives a promotion at his law firm after winning an important case. This is an example of a:
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Which theorist studied the power elite and the influence they had over society?
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The term crime can be defined as:
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Functionalist Émile Durkheim believed some deviance within society was:
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Which of the following is not a branch of the U.S. Criminal Justice System?
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The term secondary deviance can be defined as:
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Which of the following is an example of a negative informal sanction?
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Social control is:
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Strain theory:
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Study Notes
Differential Association Theory
- Describes how individuals learn deviant behavior from close relationships, reflected in Ally's family background with drug-related arrests.
- Ally's experiences illustrate the cycle of deviance, emphasizing social influences on criminal behavior.
Deviance
- Defined as a violation of established social norms—encompassing cultural and contextual expectations.
- Can include breaches of folkways, mores, and codified laws.
Violent Crime vs. Hate Crime
- Distinction lies in motivation: hate crimes target individuals based on race, religion, or characteristics, unlike general violent crimes, which may not have such specific intentions.
Sanctions
- Jake's promotion serves as a positive formal sanction, rewarding compliance with professional standards.
- Positive formal sanctions are official rewards for conformity, while negative informal sanctions punish deviance through social disapproval.
Power Elite
- C. Wright Mills examined the concept of the power elite, focusing on their societal influence.
- Emphasizes the connection between elite decision-makers and societal structures.
Definition of Crime
- Crime is identified as behavior that breaches officially established laws and carries formal punishments.
- Highlights the legal repercussions accompanying criminal acts.
Functionalism and Deviance
- Émile Durkheim viewed some deviance as necessary, arguing it challenges societal norms and helps promote social progress.
- Recognizes the role of deviance in fostering societal re-evaluation and change.
U.S. Criminal Justice System
- The jury is uniquely not considered a branch of the system, which comprises police, courts, and corrections.
- Each branch plays a distinct role in the enforcement and adjudication of laws.
Secondary Deviance
- Defined as the transformation of one’s self-concept and behavior after being labeled as deviant by society.
- Illustrates the impact of societal labels on individual identity and future actions.
Negative Informal Sanctions
- Example demonstrated by Beatrix being booed off stage, illustrating how social disapproval acts as a sanction for deviant behavior.
- Negative informal sanctions highlight the social consequences individuals may face in response to their actions.
Social Control
- Refers to societal practices regulating behavior through norms, ensuring adherence to cultural standards.
- Functions as a mechanism for maintaining order and conformity within society.
Strain Theory
- Explores the disconnect between socially accepted goals and the means available to achieve them, leading to deviant behavior.
- Addresses the societal pressures that can push individuals toward crime when legitimate paths are inaccessible.
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Description
This quiz focuses on key concepts from Chapter 7 of sociology, including theories related to crime and deviance. Test your understanding of how different sociological theories, such as differential association theory, explain behavior in relation to social factors. Perfect for reviewing critical ideas in a concise format.
