Sociology Chapter 5 Quiz

Social cohesion based on shared values, beliefs, and traditions, often found in smaller, rural communities.

Social cohesion based on interdependence and specialized roles, often found in larger, more complex societies.

Communities characterized by strong collectivism, shared traditions, and a sense of community stemming from mechanistic solidarity.

Communities characterized by individualism, specialized roles, and organic solidarity, often connected by legal arrangements rather than shared values.

Valuing individual rights and freedoms over collective unity, promoting self-interest and personal growth.

Prioritizing the needs and goals of the group over individual freedom, often observed in traditional societies.

An agreement among members of society to abide by certain rules and expectations, to form a working community.

Organized structures like economics, government, and law that regulate and control societal resources.

The cultural, personal, and everyday aspects of society, including shared values, norms, and personal identities.

The process of producing, distributing, and using resources to sustain society.

The perpetuation of culture, values, and identities through socialization and shared experiences.

A society where material production and social systems (like economics) were intertwined with cultural norms and individual values (lifeworld), with power centralized in tribal leaders or monarchs.

A society characterized by distinct social systems (like economics and politics) separate from daily life (lifeworld), with increased individual rights and independent markets.

Fundamental freedoms and entitlements granted to individuals in a modern society.

Economic systems where trade and resource distribution are not directly controlled by one central authority.

Humans are naturally inclined to form relationships and communities.

Organized groups of people sharing a territory and culture.

Societies affect individual development and behaviors.

Individuals shape society by their interactions and efforts.

Infancy marked by relationships with family and caregivers.

Collaboration with others simplifies achieving goals and well-being.

Varied practices and customs shape societies based on values.

Customs, traditions, and ways of living within a society.

Not a strict choice, but a relationship between individuals within a collective; a balance is essential for growth and societal well-being.

A crucial interpersonal connection for personal growth and societal transformation, essential for maintaining a healthy and productive collective.

Shaped by relationships, beginning in infancy and continuing throughout life, profoundly impacting how we view ourselves.

One that embraces individual freedom and diverse perspectives—promoting open dialogue to maintain stability and prevent oppression.

A collective that stifles individual expression; this can lead to stagnation and violence.

Stems from dialogue and a strong relationship with the collective

A collective functions best when it allows for individual freedom and diverse perspectives to foster productive communication.

The earliest society, characterized by small, nomadic groups relying on hunting and gathering for survival. They are typically family-based with a flat hierarchy.

A society based on animal domestication for food and resources, leading to a larger and more settled population. Surplus allows for specialized labor.

A society that cultivates plants and animals, often semi-nomadic, and with more defined roles, particularly based on gender.

A more advanced society, with large-scale farming, leading to a larger, more complex population and social structure. Conflicts over resources are common.

A society in Medieval Europe based on land ownership, with vassals and peasants. Social status determined by land ownership.

These include hunting and gathering, pastoral and horticultural societies.

Social interactions based on mutual respect and cooperation between individuals as persons. The focus is on maintaining and growing mutual regard for each other.

Social interactions where individuals treat each other as means to achieving personal goals. They're often characterized by competition and the objectification of the other person.

A type of interaction driven by the pursuit of a specific goal, treating the other person merely as a tool or a means, often transactional in nature.

Interaction based on understanding and recognizing each other as persons, cooperation, and a shared recognition of mutual respect.

The social system driven by exchange for monetary gain. It is a transactional sphere.

The social system dealing with power and control. Relationships within it are transactional when used for maintaining order or achieving political aims.

The sphere of everyday life, relationships, and communicative interaction. It's marked by personal interactions.

The market (economy), state (politics), and lifeworld (everyday life) are the three fundamental social systems in Habermas's theory.

A transactional relationship in which one person (the subject) uses or regards another person (the object) as a means to an end.

A personal relationship where the individuals recognize each other as complete persons, treating each other with a mutual understanding and respect.

Society significantly shapes an individual's development by establishing norms and expectations for behavior, beliefs, and cultural values.

Growing up in the Philippines instills specific cultural traits, traditions, and characteristics, influencing identity.

Society and individuals are interconnected; one cannot exist without the other shaping the other.

Acceptable behaviors established by society, influencing interactions and expectations.

Societal norms shape how people interact, like greetings or respecting elders. Following these norms can have positive outcomes; disregarding them, negative ones.

Organized around land ownership, creating a social hierarchy with peasants at the bottom and higher-class elites holding significant power.

Characterized by dependence and mutual obligations between social classes. Emphasized respect for higher social orders, and resistance to change.

Based on specialized machinery and industrial processes, leading to advancements in many aspects of society.

Significant improvements in living standards due to breakthroughs in science, technology, transportation, and communication.

Work shifted to factories, and public education became more important in industrial societies.

Industrial societies transitioned from close-knit relationships to impersonal ones in the workplace, and saw a rise in diversity and bureaucratic organizations.

Based on knowledge, information, and service industries. Driven by human ingenuity and advances in technology.

Information and technology significantly influence behavior in the post-industrial era.

Emphasis on high educational attainment and specialized skill sets for work in post-industrial societies.

Characterized by virtual societies through technology, fluid identities, and a decreased adherence to traditional norms.

Improved communication technologies make interactions easier across different backgrounds and societies.

Different roles (family, friend, coworker) affect how we interact with others and have specific responsibilities.

Relationships like family, friends, or coworkers evolve over time with individual growth and life changes.

Values like cooperation or concern for others guide people's behaviors and create a stable society.

Family background, beliefs, and experiences shape individual perspectives and beliefs.

Historical events, languages, and religions are significant factors affecting individuals and perspectives.

Differences in life experiences and age create potential conflicts between generations.

Shared expectations and rules of behavior within Filipino society.

The way norms and rules maintain stability and predictability in society.

Consequences of ignoring or disobeying established norms.

Formal rules with strict consequences for violation.

Less formal norms, usually based on tradition.

Organized set of relationships and roles within a society.

Expected behaviors and actions for members in a society.

Categorization of individuals by similar backgrounds and roles.

Groups performing vital functions in society.

The evolution of societal interactions over time.

Improved communication fostering interactions across various backgrounds