Questions and Answers
A public university is an example of a total institution.
False
Total institutions use desocialization to destroy old self-concepts of identity.
True
A system of rewards and punishments is one way a total institution resocializes people.
True
People rarely use peer groups as a tool for anticipatory socialization.
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Anticipatory socialization often occurs in prisons and other total institutions.
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What is one way that a total institution typically desocializes members of a group?
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When pre-teens look to adolescents as a model of values and behavior, they are using what type of group?
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What is Paul looking forward to in terms of his new life as a husband?
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What is the first step in attempting to change a person in a total institution?
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Give an example of a total institution.
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A 12-year-old's significant others include children who are in her peer group.
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Mass media plays a role in the socialization of children by displaying role models that children may imitate.
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The primary agent of socialization in the United States is the family.
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What is an example of a hidden curriculum at most schools?
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What is the only agency of socialization that is not controlled primarily by adults?
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How does religion serve as an agent for socialization?
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How does mass media play a role in socialization?
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What most influences the role of the family in socialization?
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What period occurs after high school, but before adulthood?
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What is a change in one's attitudes or beliefs referred to as?
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What are rituals that mark the shift from one status to another called?
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What is the stage between childhood and adulthood known as?
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What term describes the stages of development from birth to death?
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What is a challenge usually associated with adolescence?
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What helps explain the development of adolescence as a stage in the life cycle?
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During the middle years, a person's emphasis often shifts from what to what?
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Why are the early middle years often particularly stressful for women?
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How has the perception of old age changed?
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Socialization begins at birth and continues throughout life.
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What is an emotional need of human infants?
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What best describes the results of Harry Harlow's research on rhesus monkeys?
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What do the case histories of Anna, Isabelle, and Genie show?
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How does socialization take place?
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Study Notes
Total Institutions and Socialization
- Total institutions aim to desocialize individuals by erasing old self-concepts of identity.
- Resocialization in total institutions typically involves a system of rewards and punishments.
- Common methods of desocialization include enforcing uniformity, such as requiring members to dress alike.
- Examples of total institutions include military boot camps and prisons.
Anticipatory Socialization
- Anticipatory socialization involves preparing for future roles, seen in the context of marriage.
- Peer groups are often used as a resource for anticipatory socialization, contrary to the belief that they are rarely utilized.
- Anticipatory socialization is not common in prisons or total institutions.
Influence of Socialization Agents
- Significant others for a 12-year-old primarily include peers within their age group.
- The family is recognized as the primary agent of socialization in the United States.
- Mass media significantly influences children’s socialization by presenting role models for imitation.
Education and Socialization
- Hidden curricula in schools reinforce behaviors and social norms, such as learning appropriate conduct.
- Religion acts as an agent of socialization by imparting morals and beliefs to children.
- Social class heavily influences familial roles in socialization practices.
Life Stages and Transitions
- Transitional adulthood refers to the phase following high school and preceding full adulthood.
- A reorientation signifies significant changes in attitudes or beliefs, often related to life transitions.
- Rites of passage are rituals that signify transitions between different life statuses.
Developmental Stages
- Adolescence marks the stage of development between childhood and adulthood, characterized by peer pressure.
- The life cycle encompasses all stages of development from birth to death, including adolescence, middle age, and old age.
- Early middle years can be particularly stressful for women juggling roles such as parenting and working.
Changes in Perceptions of Aging
- Perceptions of old age have evolved to view it as occurring later in life compared to previous societal norms.
- Socialization is an ongoing process that begins at birth and continues throughout life.
Emotional Needs and Attachment
- Infants have emotional needs such as affection, crucial for their development.
- Research by Harry Harlow with rhesus monkeys demonstrated the significance of comfort and attachment, as monkeys preferred a soft, terrycloth mother over a wire one that provided food.
- Case studies of individuals like Anna, Isabelle, and Genie illustrate the pivotal role socialization plays in human development.
Cultural Transmission
- Socialization occurs through cultural transmission, highlighting the importance of social context and interaction in shaping individuals.
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Description
Test your understanding of total institutions in sociology with this Chapter 4 quiz. Explore key concepts including desocialization and resocialization, and see if you can identify true or false statements about these processes.
