Sociology Chapter 4 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is socialization?

A method of personal development

The cultural process of learning to participate in group life (correct)

A form of psychological training

An example of social interaction

Who experimented with monkeys to show the importance of affection?

Harry Harlow

What is required for personal and social development?

Intensive and prolonged social contact with others

Which perspective is most developed for studying socialization?

Symbolic interactionism Signup and view all the answers

What is self-concept?

An image of yourself as having an identity separate from others Signup and view all the answers

What does functionalism stress about society?

The cooperation to create a stable society Signup and view all the answers

The conflict perspective views socialization as a way to challenge the status quo.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the looking-glass self?

We use others as mirrors to reflect back what we imagine they think of us Signup and view all the answers

What is the 3-step process of the looking-glass self?

<ol> <li>We imagine how we appear to others 2. We imagine their reactions 3. We evaluate ourselves based on their judgments</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Who are considered significant others?

The people whose judgments are most important to our self-concepts Signup and view all the answers

What does role taking allow us to do?

See ourselves through the eyes of someone else Signup and view all the answers

What is the 3-stage process of role taking?

<ol> <li>Imitation stage 2. Play stage 3. Game stage</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the imitation stage in role taking?

Children begin to imitate behaviors without understanding why Signup and view all the answers

What is the play stage in role taking?

Children act in ways they imagine other people would Signup and view all the answers

What is the game stage in role taking?

Children anticipate the actions of others based on social rules Signup and view all the answers

What is a generalized other?

An integrated conception of norms, values, and beliefs of one's community or society Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Me' in socialization refer to?

Predictability and conformity Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'I' in socialization represent?

Spontaneous acts Signup and view all the answers

What are the major agents of socialization during childhood and adolescence?

Family, school, peer group, and mass media Signup and view all the answers

What do children learn within the family?

<ol> <li>Think and speak 2. Internalize norms, beliefs, and values 3. Form some basic attitudes 4. Develop a capacity for intimate relationships 5. Acquire a self-image</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is hidden curriculum?

The informal and unofficial aspects of culture that children are taught in school Signup and view all the answers

What does the hidden curriculum teach children?

<ol> <li>Discipline 2. Order 3. Cooperation 4. Conformity</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is a peer group?

A group composed of individuals of roughly the same age and interests Signup and view all the answers

What do children gain experience in through peer groups?

<ol> <li>Conflict, cooperation, and competition 2. Self-direction 3. Independence from adults 4. Developing ties with friends</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are the mass media?

Means of communication designed to reach the general population Signup and view all the answers

What are the positive effects of the media?

<ol> <li>Display of role models 2. Exposure to societal values</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are the negative effects of the media?

Exposure to violence Signup and view all the answers

Symbolic interactionism views socialization as a lifelong process.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is desocialization?

The process of having to give up old norms Signup and view all the answers

What is resocialization?

The process in which people adopt new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What does anticipatory socialization refer to?

The process preparing in advance for new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is a reference group?

Groups used to evaluate oneself and acquire attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms Signup and view all the answers

What are total institutions?

Places where residents are separate from society, meant to desocialize and resocialize individuals Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Socialization

Cultural process through which individuals learn to participate in group life.
Involves cultural transmission.

Harry Harlow's Experiment

Used monkeys to demonstrate the necessity of affection, intimacy, and warmth in development.

Personal and social development is gained from intensive, prolonged social interaction.

Theoretical Perspectives

Symbolic Interactionism: Provides a comprehensive framework for studying socialization over a lifetime.
Functionalism: Emphasizes how group cooperation fosters societal stability.
Conflict Perspective: Views socialization as a mechanism to maintain existing social structures and class systems.

Self-Concept Development

Formed by perceiving ourselves through others' perspectives, reflecting on how we are viewed.

Looking-Glass Self Process

Three-step reflection process:
- Imagining how we appear to others.
- Considering others' reactions to our appearance.
- Evaluating ourselves based on perceived judgments.

Role Taking

Enables understanding oneself through the eyes of others.
Three Stages:
- Imitation Stage: Children mimic behaviors without comprehension.
- Play Stage: Children enact behaviors they believe others would perform.
- Game Stage: Children anticipate actions of others based on social norms.

Generalized Other

An integrated view of the norms, values, and beliefs within a community or society.

The "Me" and "I"

"Me": Represents conformity and expectations learned through socialization.
"I": Represents spontaneous and unlearned behaviors.

Agents of Socialization

Major agents during childhood and adolescence: family, school, peer groups, and mass media.

Family's Role in Learning

Children learn to think, speak, internalize societal norms, form attitudes, build relationships, and develop a self-image.

Hidden Curriculum

Informal values and norms taught in educational settings that promote discipline, order, cooperation, and conformity.

Peer Groups

Composed of individuals of similar age and interests, providing a space for learning conflict resolution, self-direction, and independence.

Mass Media

Channels like television, newspapers, and radio that communicate to the general public.
Positive effects: exposure to role models, societal values.
Negative effects: increases exposure to violence.

Lifelong Socialization

Symbolic interactionism views socialization as a continuous process throughout life.

Desocialization and Resocialization

Desocialization: The abandonment of old norms and values.
Resocialization: The adoption of new norms, values, and behaviors.

Anticipatory Socialization

Preparing for new roles and expectations in advance, such as transitions into retirement.

Reference Groups

Groups individuals look to for self-evaluation and the acquisition of attitudes, values, and norms.

Total Institutions

Environments where individuals are isolated from society, intended for desocialization and subsequent resocialization.

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Test your understanding of key concepts in Sociology Chapter 4 with these flashcards. Explore terms like socialization and the contributions of Harry Harlow. Perfect for reinforcing your knowledge through active recall and memorization.