Sociology Chapter 3 Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is socialization?

A process of social interaction through which people acquire a personality and identity and the way of life of their society.

What kinds of studies would we use to examine the effect of both nature and nurture on behavior?

Twin studies, feral children, isolated children, and institutionalized children.

What kinds of things would you expect to lead to a life outside the mainstream of society?

A lack of language and interaction in childhood.

How are norms and values of society carried on?

Through socialization. Signup and view all the answers

What did G.H. Mead study?

Primary socialization. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs through children interacting with those around them and beginning to identify certain roles and behaviors as patterns?

Socialization. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a 'me' and an 'I'?

Children develop a 'me,' a social self, as opposed to an 'I,' the unsocialized self. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary vehicle for primary socialization?

Language. Signup and view all the answers

Whose roles do children take after first?

The roles and attitudes of their significant others. Signup and view all the answers

Whose roles do children take on after their significant others?

The generalized other. Signup and view all the answers

What is Jean Piaget known for?

The stages of cognitive development. Signup and view all the answers

Name the stages of cognitive development in order from one to four.

<ol> <li>Sensorimotor, 2. Preoperational, 3. Concrete operational, 4. Formal operational.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development?

Exploring the environment. Signup and view all the answers

What stage of development would be described as egocentric?

Preoperational. Signup and view all the answers

What does the concrete operational stage of cognitive development mean?

Basic abstraction. Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the formal operational stage of cognitive development?

Further abstraction and hypothetical reasoning. Signup and view all the answers

What are agents of socialization?

The most significant groups and institutions within which socialization occurs. Signup and view all the answers

Give some examples of agents of socialization.

Family, school, peer groups, workplace, media. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most influential agent of socialization?

Family. Signup and view all the answers

What are social roles?

Fixed patterns of conduct. Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of someone who might influence social roles.

A mother, teacher, or doctor. Signup and view all the answers

Are roles fixed or continuously constructed by individuals?

False Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for a social identity?

An objective identity. Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for a self-identity?

A subjective identity. Signup and view all the answers

What are some sources of social identity?

Gender, race, nationality. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of identity do people have the most of?

Social identity. Signup and view all the answers

Why do people tend to have multiple social identities?

Because we must interpret how different people view us. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'the looking glass self'?

Something we use, like a mirror, to get others to see us in the ways we want them to see us. Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the term 'the looking glass self'?

Charles Cooley. Signup and view all the answers

What is gender socialization?

Process of learning 'appropriate' gendered behavior through agents of socialization. Signup and view all the answers

When does gender socialization begin?

Before birth. Signup and view all the answers

What two factors play a role in gender socialization?

Parental presence and behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What kinds of things contribute to differential role construction?

Toys, television, movies, and even books. Signup and view all the answers

What are the five stages of life that social scientists look at?

Childhood, teenager, young adulthood, midlife, old age. Signup and view all the answers

What is social gerontology?

The sociological study of aging and the elderly. Signup and view all the answers

Aging is not only a biological process, but is affected by what two factors?

Social structures and individual agency. Signup and view all the answers

What is the disengagement theory?

It is functional for society to remove people from their traditional roles when they become older. Signup and view all the answers

What is the activity theory?

Active individuals are good for society. Signup and view all the answers

What is the continuity theory?

The elderly are best served by remaining engaged in some kind of activity/role they had in earlier life. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the second and third generation theories of aging?

The social conflict theory and the life course perspective. Signup and view all the answers

What is the social conflict theory?

The focus on lack of access and opportunity for the elderly. Signup and view all the answers

What is the life course perspective?

To treat aging and elderly people as a part of a lifelong process shaped by history and personal decisions. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of feelings do elderly people in the United States sometimes suffer from?

Social isolation and a lack of respect. Signup and view all the answers

What kinds of things do elderly people in the United States experience at disproportional rates?

Experiences of prejudice, abuse, and health problems. Signup and view all the answers

What are some aspects of aging that have come into focus in recent years?

Elderly immigrants, health problems, elder abuse, ageism. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Socialization

Socialization is a process through which individuals develop personality, identity, and societal ways of life.
Key studies for nature vs. nurture effects include twin studies, cases of feral and isolated children, and children in institutions.
A lack of language and childhood interaction can lead to a life outside mainstream society.
Norms and values are perpetuated through socialization.

G.H. Mead and Socialization

G.H. Mead emphasized the importance of primary socialization in developing a social identity.
Children interact with their environment, identifying roles and patterns of behavior, reflecting the process of socialization.
The development of a "me" reflects the social self, whereas "I" represents the unsocialized self.

Cognitive Development (Jean Piaget)

Piaget identified stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
The sensorimotor stage is characterized by environmental exploration.
Children in the preoperational stage exhibit egocentrism.
The concrete operational stage introduces understanding of basic abstractions.
The formal operational stage allows for advanced abstraction and hypothetical reasoning.

Agents of Socialization

Agents of socialization include family, school, peer groups, workplace, and media.
Family is the most influential agent, shaping basic social roles and norms.
Social roles are fixed patterns of conduct, influenced by figures such as mothers, teachers, or doctors.
Roles are continuously constructed, evolving through individual experiences.

Social identity, or objective identity, is influenced by group factors such as gender, race, and nationality.
Self identity, or subjective identity, refers to personal perceptions of oneself.
Individuals often possess multiple social identities due to varying interpretations by others.
"Looking glass self," developed by Charles Cooley, describes how individuals shape their self-perception based on others' views.

Gender Socialization

Gender socialization begins before birth and continues through agents of socialization.
Key factors include the presence and behavior of parents, as well as cultural influences (toys, media).

Life Stages and Aging

Social scientists study stages of life: childhood, teenager, young adulthood, midlife, and old age.
Social gerontology focuses on aging and the elderly, intersecting with social structures and individual agency.
Disengagement theory suggests that it is functional for society to remove older individuals from traditional roles.
Activity theory posits that active elderly individuals contribute positively to society.
Continuity theory advocates for the engagement of elderly individuals in activities/roles from earlier life.

Theories of Aging

The social conflict theory highlights the lack of access and opportunities for the elderly.
The life course perspective views aging as part of a lifelong process influenced by historical and personal factors.

Elderly Experiences

Older adults in the U.S. may struggle with social isolation and lack of respect.
Elders disproportionately experience prejudice, abuse, and health problems.
Recent focus areas regarding aging include issues faced by elderly immigrants, health challenges, elder abuse, and ageism.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key concepts of socialization and the impacts of nature versus nurture in sociology. This quiz covers important definitions and studies that illustrate human behavior and identity formation within society. Challenge yourself with flashcards that delve into the intricacies of social interactions!