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Questions and Answers
Why is religion classified as a universal social institution?
Why is religion classified as a universal social institution?
It meets basic human needs.
What is the primary reason sociologists study religion?
What is the primary reason sociologists study religion?
To study the role that religion plays in people's lives.
What was the influential book on religion published in 1912 by Emile Durkheim?
What was the influential book on religion published in 1912 by Emile Durkheim?
The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life.
Why can't sociologists empirically study religion?
Why can't sociologists empirically study religion?
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What did Durkheim call the common elements of everyday life?
What did Durkheim call the common elements of everyday life?
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What are the three elements of religion based on the writings of Emile Durkheim?
What are the three elements of religion based on the writings of Emile Durkheim?
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From Durkheim's perspective, what do Buddhists bowing before a shrine, Hindus dipping into the Ganges River and Aztecs sacrificing virgins all have in common?
From Durkheim's perspective, what do Buddhists bowing before a shrine, Hindus dipping into the Ganges River and Aztecs sacrificing virgins all have in common?
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Which sociological perspective is aligned with the belief that religion attaches meaning to our lives?
Which sociological perspective is aligned with the belief that religion attaches meaning to our lives?
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What conclusion did epidemiologist Lynda Powell and her colleagues reach after studying data on the effects of participation in organized religion on health?
What conclusion did epidemiologist Lynda Powell and her colleagues reach after studying data on the effects of participation in organized religion on health?
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What does incorporating religious teachings into criminal law illustrate about religion?
What does incorporating religious teachings into criminal law illustrate about religion?
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As a state religion in past centuries, Lutheranism was to Sweden as ________ was to Switzerland.
As a state religion in past centuries, Lutheranism was to Sweden as ________ was to Switzerland.
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How would sociologists classify communism in respect to its religious qualities?
How would sociologists classify communism in respect to its religious qualities?
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What are the two dysfunctions of religion addressed in the textbook?
What are the two dysfunctions of religion addressed in the textbook?
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When viewing communism as a functional equivalent of religion, which book provides its most sacred writings?
When viewing communism as a functional equivalent of religion, which book provides its most sacred writings?
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Next week, Abraham and Hazel will attend the bar mitzvah of their nephew. Their nephew's bar mitzvah is an example of a religious ________.
Next week, Abraham and Hazel will attend the bar mitzvah of their nephew. Their nephew's bar mitzvah is an example of a religious ________.
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From a symbolic interactionist perspective, what does wearing a cross signify for Christians?
From a symbolic interactionist perspective, what does wearing a cross signify for Christians?
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What do Jews, Christians and Muslims all share in common regarding their belief?
What do Jews, Christians and Muslims all share in common regarding their belief?
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What is the term that refers to a sudden awareness of the supernatural or a feeling of coming in contact with God?
What is the term that refers to a sudden awareness of the supernatural or a feeling of coming in contact with God?
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The Star of David is to the Jews as the ________ is to the Hindus.
The Star of David is to the Jews as the ________ is to the Hindus.
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What is another name for the bond that members of a respective faith share with one another?
What is another name for the bond that members of a respective faith share with one another?
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What did Marx mean by the statement 'Religion is...the opium of the people'?
What did Marx mean by the statement 'Religion is...the opium of the people'?
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What phrase describes what has happened to Pietro after he received a vision to change church policy?
What phrase describes what has happened to Pietro after he received a vision to change church policy?
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Among the Amish, what is the term for ignoring a member of the community because he or she has broken an important covenant?
Among the Amish, what is the term for ignoring a member of the community because he or she has broken an important covenant?
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What is the transformation of traditional societies to industrial societies called?
What is the transformation of traditional societies to industrial societies called?
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What does the spirit of capitalism refer to, as proposed by Max Weber?
What does the spirit of capitalism refer to, as proposed by Max Weber?
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Study Notes
Religion as a Universal Social Institution
- Religion addresses fundamental human needs and is universally recognized across cultures.
- It plays a significant role in individuals' lives, influencing behaviors and perceptions.
Sociological Study of Religion
- Sociologists examine how religion impacts people's lives and societal structures.
- Empirical study of religion faces challenges as it involves subjective beliefs, which are difficult to evaluate objectively.
Contributions of Emile Durkheim
- Emile Durkheim's influential work: The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, published in 1912.
- Durkheim identified three elements of religion: beliefs, practices, and moral communities.
- Terms used by Durkheim: 'profane' refers to everyday life elements, while rituals signify collective practices within communities.
Perspectives on Religion
- Functionalism views religion as a means to create meaning, provide comfort during hardships, foster solidarity, and serve as a guideline for behavior.
- Evidence indicates a positive correlation between organized religion and health, including a 25% reduction in mortality for regular attendees of religious services.
Religion as Social Control
- Incorporation of religious values into laws exemplifies religion's role in social control.
Perspectives on Communism
- Communism is viewed as a functional equivalent to religion, with its foundational text being The Communist Manifesto.
Dysfunctional Aspects of Religion
- Two significant dysfunctions of religion include religious persecution and the incitement of war and terrorism.
Religious Symbols and Experiences
- Symbolic interactionism interprets symbols like the cross as expressions of identity among believers.
- Common cosmology shared by Judaism, Christianity, and Islam emphasizes accountability to a singular God.
Important Terminology in Religion
- 'Religious experience' denotes moments of heightened spiritual awareness or contact with the divine.
- Terms like 'kindred spirit' define the bonds among members of a religious faith.
Karl Marx's Perspective
- Marx's critique of religion suggests it distracts the oppressed from their plight, famously stating, "Religion is...the opium of the people."
Church Discipline Practices
- Excommunication refers to the official exclusion from a religious community, exemplified by Pietro's situation in the Catholic Church.
- Among the Amish, 'shunning' is a common practice for members violating community covenants.
Societal Changes
- The process of modernization denotes the shift from traditional to industrial societies.
Concept of Capitalism
- Max Weber's 'spirit of capitalism' characterizes a new attitude towards work and economics, emphasizing profit-driven investments.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Chapter 18 of Sociology. Focus on key concepts of religion as a social institution, the role of religion in society, and influential works like Durkheim's. Perfect for a deeper understanding of sociology.
