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What is the alternative name for the functionalist perspective used by some scholars, including John Farley?
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Which social theorist has had a strong influence on the conflict perspective?
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What is the term for the economic system in Marxist theory?
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Study Notes
Quiz 1 Study Guide
- This quiz is for the Introduction to Sociology online class.
- The study guide can be used during the quiz, and students can adjust the space between questions to save paper.
- It is recommended to fill out the study guide to help with summarizing answers.
Macro-Level Perspectives
- There are two main macro-level perspectives: Functionalism (also known as Structural-Functionalism) and Conflict Theory (also known as Social Conflict Theory).
- These perspectives are discussed in Chapter 1 of the Macionis textbook.
Functionalism (Order Perspective)
- The central notion of functionalism is that social institutions work together to maintain social order.
- Five major assumptions of functionalism: • Society is a system with interdependent parts. • Each part of the system has a specific function. • The system strives for equilibrium and stability. • Change is gradual and incremental. • Social institutions are functional and necessary for the system.
- Functionalism is primarily associated with conservative and status-quo political movements.
- This perspective was most popular in the 1940s and 1950s.
Conflict Theory
- The basic premise of conflict theory is that society is divided into different groups with competing interests.
- Four basic assumptions of conflict theory: • Society is divided into those who have power and those who do not. • Resources are scarce and lead to competition. • Conflict is a natural and inevitable part of society. • Change occurs through conflict and revolution.
- Conflict theory is associated with liberal and radical political orientations.
- Karl Marx has had a significant influence on the conflict perspective.
Marxist Theory
- Basic ideas and assumptions of Marxist theory: • The means of production and capital are key to understanding society. • The ruling class uses ideology to maintain power and control. • The economic system is supported by the political system, social institutions, and culture. • False consciousness occurs when the working class is unaware of their true interests.
Key Terms
- Ideology: a set of beliefs and values that justify the power of the ruling class.
- Means of production: the resources and tools used to produce goods and services.
- Capital: the wealth and resources owned by the ruling class.
- False consciousness: when the working class is unaware of their true interests.
- Divine right of kings: the idea that monarchs are divinely appointed to rule.
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Description
Review guide for an introductory sociology online course, covering key concepts and topics for a quiz.
