14 Questions
What is the purpose of providing blank space in the study guides?
To enable students to summarize answers and learn by writing them down
What is the recommended method of using the study guides?
Filling out the study guides to summarize answers
What type of font is used to indicate information that will not be covered on a quiz or exam?
Blue font
What is the instructor's concern about not filling out the study guides?
Students will not learn by summarizing answers
What is the responsibility of students who choose to use the highlighting method?
Knowing all the information stated on the study guide
What is the purpose of the study guides?
To help students learn and prepare for the quiz or exam
What is the alternative name for the functionalist perspective used by some scholars, including John Farley?
The Order Perspective
What is the primary political movement associated with the functionalist perspective?
Conservatism
When was the functionalist perspective most popular?
In the mid-20th century
What is the basic premise of conflict theory?
That society is divided into competing groups with different interests
Which social theorist has had a strong influence on the conflict perspective?
Karl Marx
What is the term for the economic system in Marxist theory?
Means of production and capital
Why does Farley mention the concept of the divine right of kings?
To highlight the role of power in shaping social institutions
What is the purpose of Farley's mention of former-Senator George McGovern's proposed tax and former-President Bush's proposal to eliminate the inheritance tax?
To demonstrate the relationship between economic policy and social inequality
Study Notes
Quiz 1 Study Guide
- This quiz is for the Introduction to Sociology online class.
- The study guide can be used during the quiz, and students can adjust the space between questions to save paper.
- It is recommended to fill out the study guide to help with summarizing answers.
Macro-Level Perspectives
- There are two main macro-level perspectives: Functionalism (also known as Structural-Functionalism) and Conflict Theory (also known as Social Conflict Theory).
- These perspectives are discussed in Chapter 1 of the Macionis textbook.
Functionalism (Order Perspective)
- The central notion of functionalism is that social institutions work together to maintain social order.
- Five major assumptions of functionalism: • Society is a system with interdependent parts. • Each part of the system has a specific function. • The system strives for equilibrium and stability. • Change is gradual and incremental. • Social institutions are functional and necessary for the system.
- Functionalism is primarily associated with conservative and status-quo political movements.
- This perspective was most popular in the 1940s and 1950s.
Conflict Theory
- The basic premise of conflict theory is that society is divided into different groups with competing interests.
- Four basic assumptions of conflict theory: • Society is divided into those who have power and those who do not. • Resources are scarce and lead to competition. • Conflict is a natural and inevitable part of society. • Change occurs through conflict and revolution.
- Conflict theory is associated with liberal and radical political orientations.
- Karl Marx has had a significant influence on the conflict perspective.
Marxist Theory
- Basic ideas and assumptions of Marxist theory: • The means of production and capital are key to understanding society. • The ruling class uses ideology to maintain power and control. • The economic system is supported by the political system, social institutions, and culture. • False consciousness occurs when the working class is unaware of their true interests.
Key Terms
- Ideology: a set of beliefs and values that justify the power of the ruling class.
- Means of production: the resources and tools used to produce goods and services.
- Capital: the wealth and resources owned by the ruling class.
- False consciousness: when the working class is unaware of their true interests.
- Divine right of kings: the idea that monarchs are divinely appointed to rule.
Review guide for an introductory sociology online course, covering key concepts and topics for a quiz.
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