Sociological Perspective on Suicide
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Questions and Answers

What theory emphasizes that social behavior requires understanding of subjective meanings?

  • Social constructionism
  • Symbolic interactionism (correct)
  • Queer theory
  • Feminist theory

    • What did Erving Goffman suggest about social interaction?

  • It is primarily a competitive activity.
  • It is entirely spontaneous and unplanned.
  • It is a carefully staged performance. (correct)
  • It lacks any social rules or norms.

    • Which theory argues that gender is shaped more by social conditions than an individual’s essence?

  • Queer theory
  • Symbolic interactionism
  • Feminist theory
  • Social constructionism (correct)

    • What does queer theory argue about sexual identities?

    <p>They are unstable and variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Harriet Martineau known for in sociology?

    <p>Writing about gender inequality and voting rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does feminist theory assert about patriarchy?

    <p>It is equally crucial as class inequality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do sociologists believe actual suicide rates are higher than official rates?

    <p>Because families seek to minimize their suffering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did Jane Addams play in sociology?

    <p>Facilitator for social research at Hull House</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of concepts in human cultures?

    <p>To organize, classify, interpret, and generalize experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the Sapir-Whorf thesis?

    <p>Language influences how people perceive and think about the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the rights revolution signify in society?

    <p>The struggle of socially excluded groups for equal rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do evolutionary psychologists explain behavior in terms of biological factors?

    <p>They link behavior to survival advantages for the human species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way has the concept of values changed from half a century ago to the present?

    <p>Values shifts occur more rapidly, with less widespread agreement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'rationalization' refer to in a sociological context?

    <p>The use of efficient means to achieve goals, along with its negative consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement aligns with the belief that culture can be seen as an independent variable?

    <p>Culture can initiate changes in social behaviors and structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT associated with postmodernism?

    <p>Stability in core cultural values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do norms of solidarity play in relationships?

    <p>They focus on the emotional importance of relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of bureaucracies according to Max Weber?

    <p>They have clearly defined positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do social networks affect our perceptions of connections with others?

    <p>They show that our acquaintances can provide redundant information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a social network?

    <p>A bounded collection of individuals linked by exchanges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'groupthink' primarily characterized by?

    <p>Pressure to conform despite misgivings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do primary groups exert more pressure to conform compared to secondary groups?

    <p>They share similar attitudes and beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be identified as the elementary form of a network?

    <p>A dyad, consisting of two nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of virtual communities differ from traditional communities?

    <p>They function independently of time and space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary assertion of conflict theorists regarding deviance and criminal labeling?

    <p>Powerful individuals impose labels on those challenging the social order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Control theory suggests that what factor primarily influences the level of deviance in society?

    <p>The availability of rewards for deviant behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does intersectionality contribute to societal outcomes?

    <p>It examines how various social categories influence individual experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of internal social control?

    <p>To socialize individuals so they view deviance as undesirable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Foucault suggest about institutions in modern society?

    <p>They serve to regulate and shape behavior through strict control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept does the panopticon illustrate in relation to social control?

    <p>Continuous observation can compel individuals to modify their behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a surveillance society?

    <p>A society that utilizes surveillance technology to enhance social control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does external social control primarily involve?

    <p>Imposing rewards and punishments to regulate behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the interaction between audiences and traditional mass media?

    <p>Audiences are critical consumers but have limited control over content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the portrayal of women in TV dramas?

    <p>Women are frequently shown in subordinate roles compared to men.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does media imperialism refer to?

    <p>The dominance of a single national culture over others in mass media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What opportunity does the Internet, especially social media, provide to marginalized communities?

    <p>It offers them more avenues for artistic and cultural expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of net neutrality?

    <p>All internet traffic should be treated equally without discrimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does advertising function within the realm of the Internet and social media?

    <p>It primarily aims to influence consumer behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do algorithms do in the context of the Internet and social media?

    <p>They set the rules that guide how problems are solved online.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the relationship between poststructuralism and media, particularly social media?

    <p>It highlights the role of media in forming multiple subjective realities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the men's counter-movement?

    <p>Limiting the rights and privileges of women while protecting those of men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory claims that social movements arise due to major disruptions in traditional norms?

    <p>Breakdown theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does relative deprivation refer to in a social context?

    <p>The gap between perceived and actual social rewards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of solidarity theory?

    <p>Mobilizing resources and taking advantage of political opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does union density measure?

    <p>The organizational power of unions among non-agricultural workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'frame alignment' refer to in social movements?

    <p>The congruity between individual beliefs and social movement goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of citizenship recognizes the right to free speech and religion?

    <p>Civil citizenship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'repertoires of contention' in social movements?

    <p>The specific strategies used in protests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sociological Perspective

    • Patterns of social relations encourage or inhibit actions like suicide. More than individual factors influence suicide rates.
    • Social solidarity (shared beliefs and values, frequency of interaction) affects suicide rates. High solidarity groups have lower suicide rates than low solidarity groups.
    • Strong social bonds lower the probability of suicide during adversity.
    • Social structure comprises stable patterns of social relations.
    • Microstructure involves intimate interactions (families, friends, work).
    • Macrostructure encompasses broader patterns (classes, bureaucracies).
    • Global structure includes international relations, worldwide travel and communication.
    • Sociological imagination connects personal troubles to social structures.
    • Scientific Revolution (1550s) emphasized evidence-based conclusions about society.
    • Democratic Revolution (1750s) emphasized societal improvement through human intervention.
    • Industrial Revolution (1780s) involved large-scale application of science and technology to industrial processes, factory creation, and a working class.

    Levels of Experience

    • Concrete experience: gained through senses (seeing, touching, tasting, smelling, hearing); lacks inherent meaning.
    • Abstract experience: using concepts to organize concrete experiences; gives meaning to sensations.
    • Concepts: abstract terms organizing concrete experiences.
    • Propositions: relating concepts to form ideas; reside in the realm of the mind; used in sociological ideas.
    • Science includes casual observation and tradition which are often used in everyday life.
    • Authority is another means of knowing and is often used by scientists.
    • Errors in inquiry include overgeneralization, selective observation, and illogical reasoning.

    Culture

    • Superstitions translate experiences into meaningful observations for dealing with life challenges.
    • Culture conditions sensory experiences into meaningful ways.
    • High culture is enjoyed by the upper class; popular culture is enjoyed by all classes.
    • Dominant culture rules over others, others resist it.
    • Idiosyncratic symbols, such as concepts, organize feelings.
    • Abstraction allows for generalization, interpretation, and categorization of experiences
    • Cooperation, a key feature of social life, involves shared values and ways of doing things.
    • Cultural concepts organize, classify, and interpret experiences.
    • Production and tools improve our ability to benefit from nature's resources.

    Social Interaction

    • Symbolic interactionism focuses on micro-level interactions; meanings attached to circumstances.
    • Goffman's theory views social interaction as a staged play.
    • Social constructionism: aspects of life are socially created, not naturally occurring.
    • Social interaction involves exchanging messages instrumental or expressive.
    • McLuhan: transmission methods influence the messages themselves.
    • Mediated interaction uses technology to send/receive messages.
    • Technological determinism assumes that technology influences societal outcomes (inevitable, undesirable effects).
    • Emotional responses can be influenced by social situations, not entirely involuntary.
    • Emotion management: adheres to "feeling rules" based on cultural situations, this may involve "emotion labour".
    • Conflict theory: social interactions involve power imbalances; statuses are hierarchically arranged.
    • Power is embedded in social statuses; uneven distribution of social power.
    • Power and status define roles and interactions accordingly; role distances are employed.

    Social Movements

    • Social movements are organized, ongoing efforts to change or resist social change
    • Counter-movements oppose social movements' goals.
    • Examples of social movements include #MeToo, the women's movement and the rights revolution.
    • Causes for social movements may involve absolute deprivation, relative deprivation, solidarity theory (mobilising resources, exploiting opportunities, avoiding social control) Political opportunities.
    • Important factors about social movements include frame alignment, repertoires of contention and social control.

    Deviance and Crime

    • Deviance: actions violating norms as defined by others; norms vary socially; social context is important.
    • Laws are norms enforced by governments.
    • Crime constitutes deviance that violates laws.
    • Deviance varies in severity (mild disapproval to capital punishment), harmfulness, and agreement among people about deviance,
    • Social diversions are minor, harmless acts of deviance that do not evoke a significant societal reaction.
    • Social deviations are noncriminal acts people view as harmful.

    Media and Society

    • Media is pervasive in the postmodern world via multiple platforms.
    • Mass media affects social interaction (functionalist perspective);
    • Conflict theory shows that dominant groups use media to enhance power, benefit from media ownership, and convey their ideologies.
    • Media is involved in social control, creating a standardized social reality
    • Media bias exists; advertising and sourcing can affect the media; the Internet has allowed for more freedom of expression/control.

    Population and Urbanization

    • Demographic transition theory maps how societies transition from high birth/death rates to low birth/death rates.
    • Urbanization is the growth of towns and cities as people move from rural areas; mega-cities exist.
    • Urban areas are characterized by high population density; green spaces exist in urban areas; urban heat effects occur.
    • Climate change and industrialisation affect urbanization in many ways; social factors correlate with trends and changes.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the sociological perspectives on suicide, focusing on how social relations impact individual actions. It examines concepts such as social solidarity, structure, and the role of the sociological imagination in understanding personal troubles. Test your knowledge of the theories that link social patterns to rates of suicide.

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