Socio-economic Aspects of Food Security
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Questions and Answers

Which vitamin deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of respiratory infections?

  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin D (correct)
  • Vitamin E
  • Vitamin A

    • Which mineral is crucial for the development and function of immune cells, particularly T-cells and B-cells?

  • Iron
  • Potassium
  • Zinc (correct)
  • Calcium

    • What is a consequence of iron deficiency on the immune system?

  • Enhanced antibody production
  • Impaired immune response (correct)
  • Improved cellular respiration
  • Reduced pathogen growth

    • Which of the following is a direct consequence of frequent infections like diarrhea on the body?

    <p>Reduced nutrient absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key goal of urban planning in promoting physical activity?

    <p>Ensuring accessible parks and safe bike routes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major consequence of protein-energy malnutrition on the physical barriers of the body?

    <p>Weakened skin and mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly hinders efforts to address over-nutrition?

    <p>The significant marketing power of the food industry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does malnutrition impact the production of T-lymphocytes and antibody production?

    <p>Reduces T-lymphocytes and antibody production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In low-resource settings, what factor increases a child's risk of malnutrition at birth?

    <p>Maternal malnutrition during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Socio-economic inequalities contribute to over-nutrition by:

    <p>Limiting access to fresh produce in lower-income communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following micronutrient deficiencies are linked with weakened immunity and increased mortality in malnourished populations?

    <p>Vitamin A and Zinc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cancers are most commonly associated with affluent societies?

    <p>Colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stunting and wasting, resulting from undernutrition, can lead to which of the following long-term effects?

    <p>Compromised immune function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary effect of gastrointestinal infections, such as those caused by E. coli or Shigella, on nutrient absorption:

    <p>Nutrient loss and dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key mechanism through which over-nutrition leads to disease?

    <p>Systemic inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of Public Health Nutrition Education Plans?

    <p>Community-based programs, policymaking, and education campaigns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does malnutrition have on cognitive development?

    <p>Impairs learning ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What direct impact does excess body fat have on insulin?

    <p>It interferes with insulin's ability to regulate blood sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In response to an infection, what happens to the body’s metabolic rate?

    <p>Metabolic rate increases increasing nutrient requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided information, what is a notable economic consequence of high rates of malnutrition?

    <p>Decreased productivity resulting in lowered GDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Public Health Nutrition Education is primarily concerned with:

    <p>Imparting nutrition-related knowledge and skills to prevent diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided information, which of the following organisations implement food and nutrition security programs to address malnutrition?

    <p>The WHO, UNICEF and FAO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological effect does fever have on the body?

    <p>Increases the rate of metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does oxidative stress increase the risk of disease?

    <p>By damaging cells and promoting aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is the importance of PHNE?

    <p>To promote balanced diets and prevent diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a long-term health risk associated with stunting in childhood, due to undernutrition?

    <p>Higher likelihood of chronic illnesses like diabetes and cardiovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated annual cost in the US due to obesity-related health-care?

    <p>$147 Billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the disturbance of gut microbiota affect nutrient absorption and immunity?

    <p>It leads to malabsorption of nutrients and weakened immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these conditions is strongly linked to poor dietary habits?

    <p>Chronic conditions including obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of inadequate sanitation and hygiene in undernutrition?

    <p>Facilitates disease transmission, hindering nutrient absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which micronutrients are particularly effective in reducing respiratory and diarrheal infections in children?

    <p>Vitamin A, zinc, and vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the WHO, how many deaths per year are related to unhealthy diets?

    <p>Approximately 11 million per year.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which public health policy can be implemented to mitigate over-nutrition?

    <p>Subsidizing healthy food options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a goal of nutritional education to help reduce over-nutrition?

    <p>To promote balanced diets and encourage cooking at home</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does protein-energy supplementation aid in the prevention of infections?

    <p>It builds lean body mass, strengthening physical and immune barriers against infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of dietary components are key to support recovery following an infection?

    <p>High-protein foods, fruits, and vegetables rich in antioxidants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is disproportionately affected by the diseases of affluence?

    <p>Low-income individuals with limited access to healthy food and healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does malnutrition relate to infection in vulnerable populations?

    <p>Malnutrition is both a cause and a consequence of infections, creating a feedback loop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is improving nutrition in children from low-income countries vital?

    <p>It can significantly lower mortality rates caused by infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For HIV/AIDS patients, what is the purpose of tailored nutrition plans?

    <p>To counteract both weight loss and nutrient depletion due to the illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the science of nutrition?

    <p>The exploration of how the body uses nutrients for growth, maintenance, and function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT considered a nutrient essential for sustaining life and health?

    <p>Food additives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proper nutrition MOST directly supports which of the following?

    <p>Physical and mental well-being, disease prevention, and longevity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the study of nutrition examine regarding diet?

    <p>The impact of diet on metabolism and cellular processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these describes an important aspect included in the study of nutrition?

    <p>Understanding the balance of macronutrients and micronutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nutrition research focuses on the connection between diet and which type of diseases?

    <p>Chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of nutrition science?

    <p>To guide individuals and communities toward healthier eating habits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the classification of food important?

    <p>For organizing and understanding edible items based on various characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Socio-economic Aspects of Food

    • Food security depends on availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability.
    • Economic factors influence food choices, affordability, and access to resources.
    • Socioeconomic conditions can affect dietary habits and nutritional outcomes.
    • Poverty can limit access to nutritious food.
    • Inequality in access to resources contributes to food insecurity in some areas.

    International Food and Nutrition Policies and Programs

    • International organizations, like the WHO, UNICEF, and FAO, address malnutrition and food insecurity.
    • Programs involve food fortification, supplementation, cash or food transfers, and improving maternal and child health.
    • These programs focus on providing access to nutritious food to vulnerable populations.

    National Food and Nutrition Policies and Programs

    • National policies and programs focus on improving food security and nutritional outcomes within a country.
    • These policies can vary, influenced by national contexts and priorities.
    • Programs often involve education campaigns promoting healthy eating habits, support for local farmers and food producers, and infrastructure improvements to ensure stable food supply.
    • Policies aim to reduce malnutrition and promote balanced diets.

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    Human Nutrition Lecture Notes PDF 2024/2025

    Description

    This quiz explores the critical aspects of food security, examining how socioeconomic factors impact food choices and nutritional outcomes. It also delves into international and national policies aimed at combating malnutrition and ensuring access to nutritious food for vulnerable populations. Test your knowledge on the interplay between economics and food security.

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