Society and Oil: A Global Perspective

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Questions and Answers

What does the casual meaning of 'society' refer to?

A collection of cultural practices

An organized legal structure

A network of social institutions

A group of people living together in an ordered community (correct)

Is it possible for a man to lead a life without the presence of fellow beings?

Yes, solitude can enhance personal growth.

No, society is essential for survival.

No, everyone relies on others for support. (correct)

Yes, individuals can be self-sufficient.

What might come to mind when hearing the word 'society'?

A collection of technological advancements

A group of individuals forming a community (correct)

A structured system of governance

An economic market system

Which of the following best describes the essence of society?

Society consists of people in structured relationships. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects a misconception about society?

Society can exist independently of individual interactions. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Libya's hard currency earnings come from oil export revenues?

95% Signup and view all the answers

Which oil field is recognized as the largest in Libya?

Sarir Field Signup and view all the answers

What country accounted for about 1.44% of the global oil production in 2009?

Qatar Signup and view all the answers

What priority has Qatar made in response to its oil exporting future?

Diversify its economy. Signup and view all the answers

In which region did the first cultivation of olive trees occur?

Greater Mediterranean Basin Signup and view all the answers

According to ancient beliefs, what was olive oil's role in Egypt?

For purification and rituals. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary agricultural use of olives during the Roman Empire?

Main crop for oil extraction. Signup and view all the answers

What symbol has the olive branch represented since ancient times?

Peace Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of agro-food exports does olive oil represent in Tunisia?

40% Signup and view all the answers

Which country is the 4th main producer of olive oil?

Tunisia Signup and view all the answers

Which civilization introduced the olive tree to Tunisia?

Phoenicians Signup and view all the answers

What role do olive trees play in the economy of Morocco?

Primary exports Signup and view all the answers

How much of Tunisia's olive oil production is exported?

66% Signup and view all the answers

Which countries are the main producers of olives and olive oil as mentioned?

Spain, Italy, and Greece Signup and view all the answers

Which ancient civilization is credited with the development of olive trees in Morocco?

Romans Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is Morocco emphasizing to increase its olive production?

Promoting olive tree planting Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of global oil production does the Arab League produce?

29.71% Signup and view all the answers

What is the main contributor to the Saudi Arabian economy?

Oil industry Signup and view all the answers

Which oil field is described as the largest conventional oil field in the world?

Ghawar Oil Field Signup and view all the answers

As of 2008, what percentage of the world's oil reserves were held by the Middle East and North Africa?

70% Signup and view all the answers

How much did world crude oil production increase over the last 36 years leading up to 2007?

57% Signup and view all the answers

When was oil discovered and production started in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia?

1938 Signup and view all the answers

What volume does one oil barrel equal to in gallons?

42 gallons Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of the Middle Eastern oil market?

Strong influence of oil exports Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the word 'society'?

Derived from the Latin word 'socius' Signup and view all the answers

Why do humans seek to live in a sociable environment?

For companionship and shared experiences Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'sociable environment' imply about human behavior?

Humans thrive in the company of others Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of society is essential for human life to continue?

Social interaction Signup and view all the answers

How does the description of humans as 'social creatures' affect their lifestyle?

They are drawn to live and work with others. Signup and view all the answers

What key characteristic of humans is highlighted in the description?

The need for companionship Signup and view all the answers

In what ways do humans typically seek social interaction?

By forming communities for living, working, and enjoying life Signup and view all the answers

What primary quality of society enhances human existence?

Its shared companionship and interaction Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary characteristic distinguishing horticultural societies from hunting-gathering societies?

Use of domesticated plants for subsistence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the work involved in horticultural systems?

Involves hard labor without mechanical assistance Signup and view all the answers

What technology is associated with the shift from horticultural societies to agricultural societies?

Invention of the wheel Signup and view all the answers

How did the use of plows impact agricultural societies compared to horticultural societies?

Enabled more efficient cultivation and higher productivity Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributed to the necessity for agricultural societies to emerge?

Growing population requiring more food Signup and view all the answers

What significant event is often referred to as the 'agricultural revolution'?

The invention of the plow Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary source of social organization in horticultural societies?

Kinship Signup and view all the answers

What challenge did horticultural societies face compared to agricultural societies?

Inability to produce sufficient food Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Oil Resources in the Arab World

The modern history of petroleum began in the 19th century, with the refining of kerosene from crude oil.
The world's first commercial oil well was drilled in Poland in 1853, and the second in Romania in 1857.
Romania was the first country with officially recorded crude oil output in international statistics (275 tons in 1857).
Oil was discovered in Sumatra in 1885 by the Royal Dutch.
The first well in Los Angeles was drilled in 1893.
By the end of the 19th century, the Russian Empire led crude oil production.
Lukasiewicz, a Polish inventor, saw the potential of seep oil for lamps and developed distillation techniques to produce kerosene.
His work led to the birth of the European oil industry.

Oil Formation and Production

Scientists believe petroleum hydrocarbons originate from tiny animals and plants that lived millions of years ago.
These organic remains sink to the seafloor.
Over time, layers of sand and silt accumulate over the remains, compressing them into rock.
The organic material becomes trapped between rock layers.

Adding Extra Layers

Heat and volcanic activity add extra rock layers on top of the organic layer.
The weight and heat break down the organic material into a liquid state, resembling crude oil.
The crude oil can then move.

Oil Extraction

A petroleum reservoir (oil and gas) is a subsurface pool of hydrocarbons in porous rocks.
Wells are drilled into the rocks to extract the oil.
Oil wells can be more than two miles deep.
Oil rigs are used to reach the oil.
Extracted oil is sent to refineries.

Refining Crude Oil

Refineries clean the oil and transform it into various fuels.
Most of the oil is turned into gasoline.
Crude oil can be processed into various products.

Crude Oil Uses

Petroleum products are refined into fuels, plastics, paints, medicines and soaps.
Electricity is made using petroleum.
Petroleum fuels are used in vehicles, aircrafts, trucks, small planes, boats, and more.
It is also used in industrial processes, producing asphalt, and heavy fuel oil.

Oil Production and Industry in the Arab World

World crude oil production has increased by 57% in the last 36 years, reaching 82 million barrels per day (bbl) in 2007.
A barrel is equivalent to 42 gallons.
The Middle East and North Africa hold about 70% of the world's oil reserves.
The Middle East leads the global market of oil production.

Major Oil Industry in the Arab World

The Arab League, a regional organization, produces over 29% of global oil production.
Saudi Arabia has the largest oil industry in the world.
The Saudi Arabian oil industry accounts for nearly 13% of global oil production.
Ghawar is the world's largest conventional oil field located in Al-Ahssa.

United Arab Emirates, Iraq and Kuwait

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has one of the largest proven oil and gas reserves.
The UAE's 2009 global production share was around 3.32%.
Oil and gas output count for 33% of GDP and 70% of total exports.
Iraq's oil fields are located in both north and south and its share of global production in 2009 was about 2.85%.
Kuwait's share of global production in 2009 was about 2.96%. The country's petroleum industry is largest industry, counting nearly half of its GDP.

Algeria, Libya, and Qatar

Algeria's share of global production in 2009 was about 2.52%, highly dependent on oil and natural gas exports.
Libya's share of global production in 2009 was about 2.12%.
Oil export revenues account for a substantial percentage of GDP.
Qatar's 2009 production share was about 1.44%. Oil and gas account for a large portion of its revenues.

History of Olive Oil

Olive oil has been used for religious rituals, medicine, oil lamps, soaps, and skin care.
Ancient Syrian documents demonstrate the significance of olive oil.
Olive branches were used in ancient Egypt for purification and offerings to deities.
The olive tree is amongst the oldest cultivated trees globally.
Its cultivation and oil production have been prevalent since ancient times especially in the Mediterranean.
Archaeological evidence reveals the first cultivation in Crete.
The Greeks traded for wheat oil, the Romans used it to grease axles of wagons and chariots and the Romans and Greeks used it to heal illnesses.
The olive tree and olive oil are also mentioned in the Quran.

Olive Oil Production in the Arab World

Spain, Italy, Greece, Tunisia, Syria, Turkey, Jordan, Palestine, Morocco, and Portugal are major producers of olives and olive oil.
Olive trees are crucial to the economy of some Arab countries: they create livelihoods for many people and generate foreign currency through exports.
Tunisia has a significant role in olive oil production and exports, holding a strategic position in Tunisian agriculture.
Morocco has seen a steady increase in olive exports.
Syria's exports of olive oil in 2009 were 74,000 tonnes.
Jordan has 17 million olive trees and a yearly export worth 20 million JD.
Palestine's olive production contributes to its overall fruit trees production income, accounting for 38.2%.

Human Societies

Human society is essential for well-being.
Previous generations built the society, passed down knowledge and it is our responsibility to develop that as well as pass it on to the next generation.
Human societies have seen various kinds of social organizations (nomadic, villages, cities), social change, development of tools.
The earliest human societies were nomadic hunter-gatherers who depended on their environment for survival (food).
Hunter-gatherer societies were quite small (about 30 people).
Their lifestyle was nomadic to find food & water.
Societies included families and kinship was important.
They were generally peaceful and harmonious societies.
Technology (especially tools) helped early humans to interact with their environment.
Horticultural societies emerged around 9000 BC, replacing hunting and gathering.
Horticultural societies were still mobile but started to have more settled periods.
The development of crops and domesticated plants started in the Middle East from wild grain, barley and wheat etc
The agricultural societies developed even more complex tools, including plows, animals for farming, domesticated animals, and wind power (for sailboats).
Agriculture allowed food surpluses. Surplus food encouraged growth in population, specialization and social class (rich and poor).
Settled agricultural societies resulted in dramatic social changes, specialization of labor, and the development of cities.

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Description

Explore the intricate relationships between society and natural resources through this quiz. Delve into questions about societal definitions, misconceptions, and the historical significance of oil and olive cultivation. Test your knowledge on oil production statistics and the cultural role of olives in ancient civilizations.