Society and Environment Overview
48 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary greenhouse gas produced by coal-fired power stations?

  • Carbon dioxide (correct)
  • Methane
  • Sulphur trioxide
  • Nitrogen oxide

What harmful effect does sulphur trioxide have when it combines with water vapour?

  • Increases greenhouse gases
  • Promotes climate change
  • Causes acid rain (correct)
  • Produces toxic waste

What is a consequence of the destruction of forests and wetlands on the environment?

  • Increased recycling rates
  • Reduced ability to purify the environment (correct)
  • Greater biodiversity
  • Enhanced air quality

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a business responsibility in the principles outlined?

<p>Implementing sustainable practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes the importance of businesses not complicity participating in crimes?

<p>Principle One (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What health hazards can result from mining processes?

<p>Toxic waste leaching into water resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do human activities impact the environment, according to the content?

<p>They contribute to an increasing amount of waste products in nature. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key responsibilities businesses should uphold according to the principles?

<p>Support the elimination of child labour (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary method do individuals use to learn culture within their societies?

<p>Direct instruction and observation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does belonging to a group influence a person's identity?

<p>It helps in the creation of shared beliefs and values. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of group membership is emphasized regarding people who do not belong?

<p>Exclusion practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the intended outcome of acquiring knowledge about identity formation?

<p>To enhance self-awareness and understanding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential danger associated with fixed identities mentioned in the content?

<p>Negative targeting of individuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do individuals become aware of as they interrogate assumptions about identities?

<p>The processes through which identities are formed and changed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two study units are mentioned for further exploration of identity?

<p>The building blocks of identity and signalling identity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of messages can influence how individuals label and categorize others?

<p>Communications from friends, family, and media (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible outcome of living in a cosmopolitan environment?

<p>Questioning of established identities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What often strengthens the fundamentalist reaction in various regions?

<p>A perceived presence of American imperialism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does fundamentalism often refuse to engage with, according to Giddens?

<p>Alternative values and lifestyles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What attitude is often observed among previously colonizing countries towards their former colonies?

<p>Undialogical and ethnocentric attitudes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might lead to a militant reassertion of identity?

<p>Perceived submersion of local identities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Giddens characterize the position of fundamentalists in heterogeneous societies?

<p>A dangerous refusal to dialogue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has often characterized the interaction between white and black people in South Africa?

<p>Unwillingness to listen to differing viewpoints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of globalization is viewed negatively by many in the Middle East?

<p>The dominance of American interests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used by states to determine access to citizenship rights?

<p>The production of identification documents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe identities that cross national borders?

<p>Transnational identities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of being declared a 'non-person' by the state?

<p>Loss of citizenship privileges (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes transnational communities?

<p>Common activities and shared beliefs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Subnational cultures can be based on which of the following aspects?

<p>Shared regional history (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms the basis of many transnational identities like those in religious communities?

<p>Common religious practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What example illustrates a secular organization that constitutes a transnational community?

<p>The Boy Scouts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context might individuals be frequently asked to provide identification?

<p>At places requiring services like banks and voting stations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the traditional rule regarding racial classification in the United States?

<p>If one of your eight grandparents was black, so were you. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of race in Brazil?

<p>An individual's race may change based on various factors, including appearance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used among some Native American cultures for individuals who embody both male and female roles?

<p>Two-spirit (B), Berdache (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the classification of gender differ from racial classification in many societies?

<p>Gender roles and identities can vary widely among different societies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred in Nepal related to gender classification?

<p>A woman was issued a government identity card as belonging to a third gender. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of multiple gender categories in some societies suggest about gender classification?

<p>It highlights the fluidity and social construction of gender roles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of gender is generally agreed upon, despite cultural differences?

<p>There are strictly two biological sexes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does political reality concerning gender identity often challenge?

<p>Academic discussions on gender. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Coconut' refer to in South Africa?

<p>A black person who embraces Western values (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'Khoekhoen'?

<p>Men of men (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is a derogatory label used for foreign individuals in South Africa?

<p>Makwerekwere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Black diamond' refer to in South African context?

<p>Members of the black middle class (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do naming practices affect identity in South Africa?

<p>They can either include or exclude individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Hottentots' signify in the context of identity?

<p>A derogatory label from outsiders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a derogatory term for South Africans of British descent?

<p>Soutie/Rooinek (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is often the result of using derogatory labels in society?

<p>Exclusion and division among communities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cosmopolitan environment

A globalized environment that brings people from diverse backgrounds together.

Fundamentalist identities

Rigid, traditional identities that resist change and question other cultures.

American imperialism

The belief that America dominates the world, through its military, economy, and media.

Globalization (unidirectional)

The feeling that globalization forces adaptation to Western cultures, especially American.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Refusal to dialogue

An unwillingness to engage in meaningful discussion or cooperation with others.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ethnocentric attitudes

Belief that one's own culture is superior to all others, rejecting foreign viewpoints or perspectives.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Undialogical interaction

A communication dynamic where one party dictates values and behaviors without listening to or considering the other's input.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Greenhouse gases

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acid rain

Rain containing acidic pollutants, harming the environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Harmful effluents

Poisonous waste products, often from industrial processes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Waste products

Unwanted materials produced during industrial processes and consumption.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pollution

Harmful substances that contaminate the environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Human impact on nature

Changes made to the natural environment by human activities, often negative.

Signup and view all the flashcards

United Nations Global Compact

A set of principles for businesses to adhere to.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Child labor

Employment of children in work that is harmful or exploitative.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Discrimination in employment

Unequal treatment of employees based on factors like race or gender.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Human rights

Basic rights and freedoms to which all people are entitled.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Supply chain management

The process of managing the flow of goods and services throughout a company's operations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Citizenship Criteria

Specific requirements set by states to determine who qualifies for citizen rights and privileges.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Identification Documents

Official documents used to prove a person's identity and right to access certain resources.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Non-persons

Individuals who are denied certain rights by the state, often through legal classifications such as illegal immigrants or enemy combatants.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Transnational Identities

Identities that extend beyond national boundaries, connecting people who share commonalities like religion, culture, or membership in groups like the Boy Scouts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Subnational Cultures

Cultural identities that develop within a nation, often based on regional differences, language, class, political beliefs, shared history, or religion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Culture Transmission

The process of learning culture through observation, instruction, and interaction with others.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Shared Beliefs and Values

Common ideas and principles that shape group identity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Group Identity

The sense of belonging to a specific group, shaped by shared characteristics.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inclusion/Exclusion

The process of deciding who belongs to a group and who does not.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Identity Formation

The process of how we develop a sense of self based on our groups and experiences.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Group Signaling

How groups communicate who belongs and who does not.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fixed Identities

Rigid or unchanging ideas about who belongs to what group.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Interrogate Assumptions

Critically examine the beliefs and perceptions we have about other groups.

Signup and view all the flashcards

"Us and Them" Thinking

The social or psychological tendency to see one's own group as better and another group as less desirable.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Building Blocks of Identity

The fundamental factors that shape who we are as individuals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Signaling Identity and Difference

Methods people use to express and highlight their group identity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Racial Classification

The process of categorizing people into groups based on perceived racial characteristics.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social Construct

A concept or idea created and maintained by society, not a natural or inherent quality.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gender Classification

The process of categorizing people into gender groups based on perceived gender characteristics.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Biological Sexes

The two main biological categories (male and female) determined by a person's physical attributes and genetics; but may overlap

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gender Identity

One's internal sense of being a particular gender, whether or not it aligns with their biological sex.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Third Gender

A gender category that exists outside of the traditional binary of male and female.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Berdache

A category found in some Native American cultures, referring to individuals who adopt social roles associated with the opposite gender.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Transgender

Individuals whose gender identity or expression differs from the sex assigned to them at birth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Homosexual

Individuals who experience romantic and/or sexual attraction to people of the same sex.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Derogatory Name

A negative or insulting name used to refer to a group or individual.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Soutie/Rooinek

Derogatory terms used for South Africans of British descent.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Coconut

A derogatory term for a person perceived as outwardly Black but inwardly White.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Black Diamond

A South African who belongs to the black middle class.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rockspider

A derogatory term for an Afrikaner South African.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inside (emic) name

A name chosen by the people themselves to describe themselves.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Outside (etic) label

A name given to a group by people outside of that group.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Identity Markers

Things that signal similarities and differences.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Makwerekwere

A label for foreigners in South Africa, sometimes leading to xenophobia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Xenophobic attacks

Acts of violence or discrimination against foreigners.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Introduction to Identity

  • Globalisation leads to questioning rigid identities or reinforcing traditional ones (including fundamentalism).
  • Perceived American imperialism strengthens fundamentalist reactions in some regions.
  • Fundamentalism is a refusal to dialogue, asserting superiority, and intolerance.
  • Colonial influence and ethnocentric attitudes can hinder dialogue, as seen in former colonies.
  • Identities can be transnational (e.g., religious, Boy Scouts), subnational (regional, language, class), and racial.

Environmental Concerns

  • Coal-fired power plants produce carbon dioxide and other harmful gases (e.g., sulphur trioxide).
  • Paper manufacturing and mining release harmful effluents and waste.
  • Environmental capacity to process waste is lessened by deforestation and wetlands destruction.
  • Growing economies and populations increase waste production.

United Nations Global Compact

  • Unisa (University of South Africa) supports the UN Global Compact.
  • The Global Compact outlines corporate responsibilities.
  • Examples include respecting human rights, eliminating child labor, and preventing discrimination.

Formation of Identity

  • Culture is learned through observation and interaction with others.
  • Shared beliefs and values contribute to identity.
  • Groups signal who belongs and who doesn't. Labels (usually from others) can establish inclusion or exclusion.
  • Everyday interactions & media influence how we label others.

Identity Markers and Diversity

  • Identities are marked by both sameness and difference.
  • Identity markers include names, physical characteristics, gender, and nationality.

Aspects of Identity:

  • Transnational identity: Identities transcending national boundaries (e.g., religious, Boy Scouts).

  • Subnational cultures: Identities within a nation based on region, language, class, history, or religion (e.g., US racial classifications, South African apartheid).

  • Racial classification: Often arbitrary and socially constructed (e.g. Brazil)

  • Gender classification: Also socially constructed, existing on a possible spectrum (more than just 2).

  • Third gender: Societies recognizing more than two genders are not uncommon (e.g., Berdaches, recent recognition in Nepal).

  • Naming: Names can empower (self-chosen) or marginalize (imposed by others). (e.g. Khoekhoen and Hottentot)

Citizenship and Identity Documents

  • States and corporations use identification documents to prove citizenship.
  • Access to rights and privileges is controlled by official identification.
  • Individuals can be denied rights (e.g. illegal immigrants) by being declared non-persons.

South African Identities

  • Specific derogatory terms used to categorize South Africans.
  • Examples include: Soutie/Rooinek (British descent), Coconut (black with Western values), Black diamond (black middle class), Rockspider(Afrikaner South African).
  • Identity is often marked by labels, which can be positive or negative.
  • Xenophobia (fear or hatred of foreigners) is an example of negative labelling leading to attacks.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Engaging with Society Study Guide PDF

Description

This quiz explores the complexities of identity in a globalized world, the impact of environmental concerns, and the role of international compacts like the UN Global Compact. It examines how globalization affects notions of identity, environmental issues caused by industrial practices, and the importance of sustainable dialogue among nations.

More Like This

Understanding Identity in Social Discourse
49 questions

Understanding Identity in Social Discourse

GroundbreakingHammeredDulcimer avatar
GroundbreakingHammeredDulcimer
Identity and Communication in Cake App
5 questions

Identity and Communication in Cake App

SolicitousAlliteration6624 avatar
SolicitousAlliteration6624
Identity Politics and Black Utility Heuristic
48 questions

Identity Politics and Black Utility Heuristic

PremierMinimalism avatar
PremierMinimalism
Identity Politics: The Real Me - Hall's Insights
48 questions

Identity Politics: The Real Me - Hall's Insights

EquitablePun avatar
EquitablePun
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser