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Questions and Answers
What is another term used to describe 'Third World' countries?
What is another term used to describe 'Third World' countries?
What issues are often faced by Third World countries?
What issues are often faced by Third World countries?
Political instability, lack of industrialization, and lower levels of economic development.
The term 'Developing Countries' has no negative connotations.
The term 'Developing Countries' has no negative connotations.
False
Which institution measures development using Gross National Income (GNI)?
Which institution measures development using Gross National Income (GNI)?
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What key societal problem has 58% of Filipino families reported experiencing?
What key societal problem has 58% of Filipino families reported experiencing?
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_____ is the condition of having a dense population which leads to limited resources.
_____ is the condition of having a dense population which leads to limited resources.
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What factor does environmental degradation impact significantly?
What factor does environmental degradation impact significantly?
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What does malnutrition refer to?
What does malnutrition refer to?
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All men are created equal in terms of wealth and opportunity.
All men are created equal in terms of wealth and opportunity.
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Who introduced the phrase 'vicious cycle of poverty'?
Who introduced the phrase 'vicious cycle of poverty'?
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Study Notes
Societal Problems in Developing Countries
- The Philippines, as a developing nation, faces numerous persistent issues hindering its progress despite past development initiatives.
- The term "Third World" (now replaced with "developing") signifies persistent socio-economic challenges across generations.
Cold War Terminology and its Relevance
- First World: Capitalist, industrialized nations aligned with the US and NATO.
- Second World: Socialist or communist countries aligned with the Soviet Union.
- Third World: Nations not aligned with either superpower bloc, often characterized by political instability and underdevelopment. This term is now largely replaced by "developing countries."
- The terms "developing" and "underdeveloped" are used to describe nations experiencing industrialization and economic growth, but the latter often carries a negative connotation.
Measuring Development
- Development indicators: Measure improvements in people's lives, informing development planning, evaluation, and prediction.
- World Bank: Uses Gross National Income (GNI) per capita to categorize countries: High-income (GNI per capita $12,696 or higher), Upper-Middle Income, Lower-Middle Income, and Low Income.
- United Nations Development Programme (UNDP): Employs the Human Development Index (HDI), considering economic growth, life expectancy, health, education, and quality of life (0.800 HDI considered high income).
Major Societal Problems
- Poverty: The most detrimental societal problem, with widespread impact (e.g., 35.2 million in the Philippines, significant numbers in India, China, Bangladesh, Brazil etc.). A 2023 Q2 survey suggests 58% of Filipino families consider themselves poor.
- Unemployment/Underemployment: Unemployment signifies lack of livelihood; underemployment denotes working below one's skill level and earning potential.
- Overpopulation: High population density strains resources and quality of life (global population at 8 billion and rising).
- Inequality: Unequal distribution of opportunities and resources despite the ideal of equality.
- Environmental degradation: Significant loss of natural resources (e.g., 70% of primary forests lost in the last 50 years) leading to environmental and food security issues.
- Malnutrition: Faulty nutrition due to inadequate or unbalanced nutrient intake.
- Ethnic conflict: Contemporary conflicts driven by cultural differences rather than solely national interests.
Development Communication's Role
- Development communication arose in response to these challenges, based on the premise that addressing root causes through information and communication can facilitate solutions.
Underdevelopment's Cyclical Nature
- Daniel Lerner's "vicious cycle of poverty" concept (mid-1960s) highlights the self-perpetuating nature of underdevelopment.
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Description
Explore the challenges faced by developing nations, particularly the Philippines, in overcoming socio-economic obstacles. Delve into the historical context of Cold War terminology, including the classification of countries into First, Second, and Third Worlds. Understand the development indicators that measure progress and prosperity in these regions.
