Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the views of liberals?

  • Opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers and advocated for a parliamentary government. (correct)
  • Rejected the idea of a well-trained judiciary.
  • Supported universal adult franchise and voting rights for women.
  • Opposed safeguarding individual rights against governments.

    • Radicals supported the privileges of wealthy factory owners.

    False

    What did Karl Marx argue regarding industrial society?

    He argued that it was capitalist, which exploited workers and kept profits to themselves.

    Cooperatives are associations of people who produce goods together and divide the profits equally, proposed by socialists like _____ and Louis Blanc.

    <p>Robert Owen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group supported women's suffrage movements?

    <p>Radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Socialism in Europe emerged in the early 20th century.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the 'Second International'?

    <p>It was an international body formed by socialists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following political views with their descriptions:

    <p>Liberals = Advocate for representative government and individual rights Radicals = Support for women's suffrage and oppose privilege Conservatives = Support necessary changes while respecting tradition Socialists = Oppose private property and seek collectivization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which political party did the associations in Germany support to win parliamentary elections?

    <p>Socialist Democratic Party</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By 1914, the majority of the Russian population practiced industry rather than agriculture.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the factory labor force in Russia were women by 1914?

    <p>31%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Russian Empire, the Tsar's rule included parts of modern-day ______.

    <p>Poland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one major change in the Russian economy by the 1890s?

    <p>Increased coal production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their respective years:

    <p>Workers strike in textile industry = 1896-1897 Formation of Labour party in Britain = 1905 Workers strike in metal industry = 1902 Peasant unrest demanding land = 1902-1905</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All political parties were legal in Russia before 1914.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What social issue did workers associations in Russia primarily address?

    <p>Financial hardships or unemployment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event began on 24th October, 1917?

    <p>The Bolshevik uprising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main purposes of fixing prices during the first two plans (1927-1938)?

    <p>To promote industrial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Bolsheviks supported private property during and after the October Revolution.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to land ownership following the October Revolution?

    <p>Land was declared social property, allowing peasants to seize land from the nobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The establishment of crèches in factories was part of an effort to provide better working conditions for factory workers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant problem did Soviet Russia face between 1927-1928?

    <p>Acute grain supply problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Bolshevik party was renamed the __________.

    <p>Russian Communist Party</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which countries sent troops to Russia during the Civil War due to fears over socialism?

    <p>France, America, Britain, and Japan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stalin introduced a program of __________, which involved collective farming.

    <p>collectivization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Kulaks = Wealthy farmers targeted by Stalin Collective farms = Farms owned and operated collectively by peasants Comintern = International organization of pro-Bolshevik socialist parties Stalinism = Political system under Stalin characterized by repression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following groups with their description during the Civil War:

    <p>'Reds' = Bolsheviks supporting socialism 'Whites' = Pro-Tsarists and anti-Bolsheviks 'Greens' = Socialist Revolutionaries 'Imperialists' = Foreign troops opposing the Bolsheviks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a consequence of the bad harvests between 1930-1933?

    <p>Devastating famines with millions of deaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By December 1922, the Soviet Union (USSR) was established as a single-party state.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Russian Revolution had no influence on the formation of communist parties outside of Russia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ Plans were adopted to implement centralized planning in the USSR.

    <p>Five Year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By 1939, approximately how many people were in prisons or labor camps in the USSR?

    <p>Over 2 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which political party was founded in 1898 in Russia?

    <p>Russian Social Democratic Workers Party</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Bolshevik group, led by Vladimir Lenin, believed in open membership for all.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main demand of the Socialist Revolutionary Party?

    <p>Transfer of lands from nobles to peasants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The event known as ___________ was a pivotal moment leading to the 1905 Revolution.

    <p>Bloody Sunday</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following groups with their key characteristics:

    <p>Bolsheviks = Led by Vladimir Lenin, believed in controlled membership Mensheviks = Advocated for open entry into the party Liberals = Sought the abolition of Tsarist autocracy Union of Unions = Middle-class workers demanding a constituent assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major cause of the 1905 Revolution?

    <p>Increase in essential goods prices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Tsar supported the establishment of a strong and powerful Duma without any restrictions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened during the First World War from 1914 to 1916 in terms of Russian military involvement?

    <p>Russian armies suffered significant losses in Austria and Germany.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event is commemorated on February 22, 1917, in Petrograd?

    <p>A factory lockout and strike</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Petrograd Soviet was formed before the Tsar abdicated.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the three demands stated in Lenin's April Theses?

    <p>Closure of the war, transfer of lands to the peasants, nationalization of banks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The leaders of the Soviet and Duma formed a _____________ to run the country after the Tsar abdicated.

    <p>provisional government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their corresponding dates:

    <p>February 22, 1917 = Workers strike and lockout March 2, 1917 = Tsar abdicated April 1917 = Lenin's return from exile October 1917 = Socialist seizure of power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant consequence of worker strikes in Petrograd in early 1917?

    <p>Formation of soviets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peasants seized land between July and September 1917, as per the pressure from their leaders.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was appointed by the Soviet to organize the seizure of power in October 1917?

    <p>Leon Trotskii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

    • Liberals: Wanted secularism and individual rights, opposing uncontrolled rulers. Favored representative, elected governments and a well-trained judiciary independent of rulers. They did not support universal suffrage for all men and women.
    • Radicals: Supported women's suffrage and opposed large landowners and factory owners. They disliked concentration of power but did not oppose private property entirely.
    • Conservatives: Wanted some inevitable changes while respecting the past. Believed in the importance of tradition and industrial society.
    • Early Socialism's Beliefs: Opposed private property, favored collective control of resources, and promoted social welfare. Some socialists believed cooperatives could be successful only with government support.
    • Karl Marx's Socialism: Argued that industrial societies were inherently capitalist and exploitative. Advocated for a radically socialist society where property was socially controlled.

    The Russian Empire in 1914

    • Tsar Nicholas II: Ruled Russia in 1914, controlling an empire that included vast territories.
    • Majority Religion: Russian Orthodox Christianity
    • Economy and Society: Primarily agrarian society. About 85% of the population was involved in agriculture. Industries were limited, concentrated mainly in St. Petersburg and Moscow.
    • Foreign Investment: Increased in the early 20th century, leading to industrial growth, but unequal distribution of wages hindered worker benefits.

    Socialism in Russia Before 1914

    • Political Parties: All political parties were illegal in Russia prior to 1914.
    • Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party: Founded in 1898, it operated secretly; it established a newspaper, mobilized workers, and organized strikes.
    • Socialist Revolutionary Party: Formed by active socialists in rural areas. These socialists demanded land distribution to the peasants.
    • Bolsheviks and Mensheviks: Two opposing socialist groups within the Russian Socialist Democratic Workers' Party, differing on political strategy. Lenin was a key figure in the Bolsheviks.

    The 1905 Revolution

    • Causes: Increased prices of essential goods and declining income. Dismissal of worker representatives at factories and the subsequent Bloody Sunday—the killing of protesting workers – played a critical role.
    • Events: Nationwide strikes, university closures, and worker protests followed the unrest.
    • Consequences: The Tsar agreed to establish an elected consultative parliament (Duma) in response to the unrest.

    The February Revolution

    • Causes: Widespread food shortages, hardships from World War I and government repression.
    • Events: A series of strikes, protests, and revolts spread quickly throughout Russia in 1917. Workers and soldiers joined forces in Petrograd, demanding reforms. The Tsar abdicated in response to the escalating unrest.
    • Outcome: A new provisional government was formed.

    The October Revolution

    • Causes: The provisional government's unpopular decision to continue participating in the World War I, and continued food and housing shortages.
    • Events: The Bolsheviks seized key government buildings in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) with the support of military and working-class groups.
    • Outcome: The Bolsheviks and Lenin established a socialist government.

    The Civil War

    • Bolsheviks vs Opponents: The non-Bolshevik socialists, liberals, and supporters of the old Tsarist regime resisted the Bolshevik power grab.
    • Aftermath: The Bolsheviks gained control of most territories in the former Russian Empire after a bloody civil war.

    Stalinism and Collectivization

    • Grain Shortages: The Soviet government faced a critical grain shortage in the 1920s prompting the enforcement of collectivization.
    • Collectivization of Agriculture: Stalin's collectivization policies involved seizing private land and merging it into large, state-controlled farms. These policies caused significant opposition and famine.
    • Industrialization: Massive investments and planning were put into industrialization, under Stalin's direction.

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    Description

    Explore the key ideologies surrounding socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution. This quiz covers various political stances such as liberalism, radicalism, and conservatism, along with the foundational beliefs of early socialists and Karl Marx's critique of capitalism. Test your knowledge on how these ideas shaped the historical landscape.

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