Social Values and Norms in Sociology

• The presentation discusses social values and norms in sociology.

Definition of Value/Nilai

• Values are principles, standards, or qualities considered worthwhile or desirable by individuals.
• Social values are the qualities of behavior, thought, and character that a society deems good and right.
• They are desired outcomes worthy of emulation by others.
• Social values reflect widely accepted attitudes and feelings, serving as the basis for formulating what is right, just, and important.

Forms of Value/Bentuk Nilai

• Material values are things that are useful for physical human needs or physical objects.
• Vital values are things that are useful for humans to carry out activities or activities in their lives.
• Spiritual values are things that are useful for fulfilling spiritual needs and are universal.

Characteristics of Value/Ciri Nilai

• Values are social constructs resulting from interactions among members of society.
• Spread among members of society and not inherent from birth.
• Formed through socialization.
• Fulfill social needs and satisfaction and influence individuals.
• Influence varies among members of society.
• Tend to be interconnected and form a value system.

Definition of Norm/Norma

• Norms are guidelines or benchmarks of behavior deemed correct and appropriate in social interactions within a specific community.
• Norms are behavioral guidelines for maintaining communal harmony.
• Norms contain orders, prohibitions, and suggestions to create public order, regularity, and peace in society.

Types of Social Norms

• Usage (Cara): A particular form of action performed by individuals in a society, although not continuously.
• Folkways (Kebiasaan): Repeated behaviors with the same form, performed consciously and with clear, purposeful goals, considered good and right by the community.
• Mores (Tata Kelakuan): A collection of actions that reflect the characteristics of a group of humans, performed consciously to implement supervision by society over its members.
• Customs (Adat Istiadat): A collection of behavioral guidelines or acts with the highest status, because they are enduring and integrated very strongly into the society that has them.

Characteristics of Norms/Ciri Norma

• Written or unwritten.
• Result of agreement.
• Obeyed together.
• Have Sanctions.

Types of Norms/Bentuk Norma

• Religious Norms: Norms based on the teachings or principles of a religion; are absolute for adherents and violations are punishable. Example: Muslims performing the five daily prayers on time.
• Moral Norms: Norms based on the conscience of humans; universal but vary in form and manifestation. Following moral norms leads to peace, while violating them can cause shame and penalties. Example: Honesty in words and actions when helping others selflessly show respect
• Courtesy Norms: Norms rooted in rules concerning manners in society; are relative and vary by location, environment, and time. Violations may result in scolding, disapproval, or a sneer from the community
• Customary Norms: Norms that result from the same actions done repetitively and creates a habit. Those who do not follow are deemed weird by the local environment who still accept them. Example, thanksgiving or prayer for a baby to those who will do the exodus a religious holiday
• Legal Norms: A directive or rules that are set, to regulate the conduct of a society and country. These actions have required binding and enforcing sanctions that are done by the state. Example, the ban of the act of crime, obligation to pay taxes, and follow the traffic rules of law.