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Questions and Answers
Participatory development emphasizes the necessity of people’s ______ in the development process.
participation
Amartya Sen describes human rights as primarily ethical ______.
demands
Human rights enable freedoms that demonstrate social ______ and influenceability.
importance
Empowerment is critical to combat ______.
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The right to work and fair ______ is included under economic rights.
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The right to ______ includes access to education and health and well-being.
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Civil rights include the right to fair trial and ______ freedom.
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Cultural rights ensure the right to benefits of ______ and the right to speak one’s own language.
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Political rights include the right to speech, expression, and political ______.
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Duty bearers are those responsible for realizing ______.
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Historically, the world has prioritized hardware and ______ interventions.
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Social Protection is broadly understood as public measures to provide ______ security to the population.
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Various risks and complexities are now more ______ and global or universally-affecting.
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Development programs are challenged to sustain what needs to be done now and what needs to be sustained in the ______.
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Risk Reduction aims to reduce the probability and severity of ______.
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Risk Management mechanisms include self, mutual, and ______ strategies.
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Informal risk management arrangements involve social networks or personal ______.
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Social sustainability involves participation, inclusion, protection, and ______.
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Participation requires active, free, and meaningful ______ from the people.
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Development is recognized as a ______ right by the UN Commission on Human Rights.
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Study Notes
Social Sustainability
- Emphasizes participatory development, human rights, and social protection as central elements.
- Challenges traditional development paradigms, questioning benefits delivered by capitalism.
Participatory Development
- Essential for people to engage in the development process and define their own goals.
- Key success factors:
- Empowerment of individuals and communities.
- Devolution of power, allowing local decision-making.
Human Rights Perspective
- Amartya Sen frames human rights as ethical demands rooted in freedoms rather than just legal contexts.
- Emphasizes the importance of social acceptance in protecting rights, with legal structures reinforcing them later.
Significance of Human Rights
- Enable freedoms linked to social influence and accountability.
- Distinction between rights holders (who claim rights) and duty bearers (responsible for realization of rights).
- Obligation to respect, protect, and fulfill human rights is fundamental.
Categories of Rights
- Civil Rights: Right to life, liberty, equality before law, protection from arbitrary arrest, and due process.
- Political Rights: Right to free speech, assembly, and participation in political processes.
- Economic Rights: Right to work, fair remuneration, and social security.
- Social Rights: Right to family, education, health, leisure, and protection for families.
- Cultural Rights: Right to cultural benefits, indigenous land, language preservation, and education in one’s mother tongue.
Social Protection and Risk Management
- Development historically prioritized hardware (infrastructure) and software (education) interventions, neglecting social protection.
- Social protection provides essential income security but is often overlooked in development discussions.
- Recent poverty trends reveal poverty as chronic rather than static, complicating social security establishment.
Challenges in Development
- Developing countries face greater challenges due to cost constraints and vulnerability to various risks.
- Eradicating poverty and sustaining development requires balancing immediate needs with long-term strategies.
Risk Management Mechanisms
- Risk Reduction: Education, vaccinations, and climate-adaptive practices reduce shock probability.
- Risk Management: Involves self-initiatives, community relationships, and formal insurance options to mitigate shock impacts.
- Risk Coping: Strategies include asset selling, borrowing, or postponing expenditures to deal with shocks.
Types of Risk Management Arrangements
- Informal: Utilizes social networks and personal arrangements for support.
- Market-Based: Employs financial institutions subject to market conditions.
- Public: Provides limited coverage in developing nations, critical when informal and market-based options fail.
Synthesis of Social Sustainability
- Social sustainability is built on principles of participation, inclusion, protection, and management.
- Elements of the Right to Development ensure a people-centered approach, emphasizing universality, equity, non-discrimination, and self-determination.
Development as a Human Right
- Recognized by the UN Commission on Human Rights, development is integral to fulfilling human rights and empowering communities.
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Description
This quiz explores the concepts of social sustainability, participatory development, and the human rights-based approach in fostering equitable development. It examines the failures of capitalism in achieving well-being for all and emphasizes the importance of listening to the needs of the vulnerable populations. Engage with critical ideas pertaining to social protection and risk management in development.
