Social Structure & Stratification

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Questions and Answers

Which statement best describes social structure?

  • The reciprocal relationships between social groups that form social harmony.
  • A condition where individuals live in accordance with prevailing social values and norms.
  • A society characterized by a diversity of differences from other societies.
  • The interconnected network of fundamental social elements, including social norms, institutions, groups, and strata. (correct)
  • The movement of individuals from one social stratum to another.

Which of the following are essential elements in a social stratification system?

  • Social values and norms
  • Positions and ranks
  • Status and roles (correct)
  • Social groups and institutions
  • Social differentiation and stratification

Cultural diversity is closely related to a society's worldview, involving values such as religion, kinship systems, and resilience. This relates to diversity based on:

  • Culture (correct)
  • Politics
  • Economy
  • Physical attributes
  • Social factors

According to Max Weber, what is social stratification?

<p>The classification of individuals into hierarchical layers within a social system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a social structure where vertical mobility is difficult and mobility is limited to horizontal movement, the form of stratification is:

<p>Closed (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statements accurately reflect social stratification?

<ol> <li>Social status can be determined by material possessions; 2) Local leaders are part of village governance; 4) People with higher education are more respected. (D)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups are classified based on the achievement and goals of the group?

<p>Formal and informal groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ferdinand Tonnies described 'patembayan' as:

<p>Gesellschaft (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a real or manifest group?

<p>Societal group, statistical group, and association group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical factor primarily contributes to the diversity of religions in Indonesia?

<p>Indonesia's strategic location in international trade routes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The arrival of Indonesian ancestors from Yunan through western and eastern routes led to diversity in:

<p>Ethnic groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The formation of racial social groups in Indonesia is primarily due to:

<p>Physical similarities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Indonesia's pluralistic nature can lead to conflict, but this can be mitigated by fostering:

<p>Tolerance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can conflicts arising from multiculturalism be effectively addressed?

<p>Promoting cultural communication between different cultures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of social stratification?

<p>Differentiation of community members vertically. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common criterion used to classify members of society into social strata?

<p>Gender (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristics are typical of a simple social structure?

<p>Prioritizing mutual cooperation; strong family ties; unwritten legal systems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which facts illustrate social differentiation?

<p>Campus job fairs offering various job openings; city residents having different ethnic backgrounds; government opportunities for women in politics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a negative impact of social differentiation in society?

<p>Comparison and judgment of other cultural groups. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement exemplifies ascribed status?

<p>Nobles are given high respect in society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In traditional societies, tenant farmers are considered lower than landowners. What determines the higher socio-economic status?

<p>Ownership of rice fields and farmland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which situation demonstrates a vertical social structure?

<p>Nobility has prestige in traditional society. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following illustrates a horizontal social structure?

<ol> <li>Bugis: traders, Islam, 2) Balinese: employees, Hindu, 4) Minang: researchers, Islam (B)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

The title 'National Hero' is an example of attaining status through:

<p>Assigned status (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pak Budi is wealthy in his village because of inheritance. This is an example of status coming from:

<p>Descent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Village X, landowners are seen as highly respected. Stratification is determined by:

<p>Wealth (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Indonesia, groups joined together in associations are shown by differentiation because of:

<p>Due to certain specification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The President publicized the ministers to be assigned in the future. This shows that...

<p>President takes on his role (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The position as leader of a village is respected more because they have regulation and directs the development of it. However, the residence looks down because they just follow the rules. The difference shows there is a connection between...

<p>Authority and social status (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes ascribed status?

<p>Status automatically acquired at birth or due to hereditary factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A successful manager who achieves their position through hard work and dedication demonstrates an example of...

<p>Achieved status (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'National Hero' award given by the government to deserving figures is an example of...

<p>Assigned status (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is social structure considered important in community life?

<p>It provides behavioral guidelines, stability, and interaction boundaries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does social structure contribute to the development of society?

<p>By providing a framework for cooperation, coordination, and division of roles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by social stratification?

<p>The differentiation of community members horizontally. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criteria are most often used as the basis for forming social stratification?

<p>Wealth, power, honor, and education. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors can drive social stratification in society?

<p>Differences in resources, job specialization, and power. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The element includes social standing, social rank and power

<p>Status (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Social stratification that allows movement between layers, either up or down, is referred to as...

<p>Open stratification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main elements in social stratification include...

<p>Social class, social status, and power. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Struktur sosial

Keseluruhan jalinan antara unsur-unsur sosial yang pokok, yaitu kaidah sosial, lembaga sosial, kelompok sosial, dan lapisan sosial.

Unsur lapisan sosial

Status (kedudukan) dan peranan (seperangkat harapan)

Kemajemukan budaya

Kemajemukan berdasarkan nilai-nilai yang dianut masyarakat, seperti religi dan sistem kekeluargaan.

Stratifikasi sosial (Max Weber)

Penggolongan orang-orang ke dalam lapisan-lapisan hierarki dalam sistem sosial.

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Stratifikasi tertutup

Setiap anggota dari stratanya sulit melakukan mobilitas vertikal.

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Fakta stratifikasi sosial

Status sosial berdasarkan harta, struktur pemerintahan desa, latar belakang etnik mahasiswa, pendidikan, kesempatan CPNS.

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Kelompok sosial berdasarkan tujuan

Kelompok formal dan kelompok informal

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Gesellchaft (Patembayan)

Hidup bersama yang ditandai oleh hubungan yang longgar, impersonal, dan berorientasi pada tujuan tertentu.

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Bentuk Kelompok Nyata

Kelompok sosieta, massa, publik, kelompok statistik, kelompok asosiasi.

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Latar belakang keanekaragaman agama

Letak Indonesia yang strategis di jalur perdagangan internasional.

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Kemajemukan Suku Bangsa

Kedatangan nenek moyang dari Yunani melalui jalur barat dan timur.

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Terbentuknya kelompok ras

Adanya kesamaan fisik.

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Mengatasi konflik dalam masyarakat plural

Sikap toleran.

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Mengatasi dampak negatif multikultural

Komunikasi budaya antara budaya yang berbeda.

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Pengertian Stratifikasi Sosial

Pembedaan anggota masyarakat secara vertikal.

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Bukan kriteria lapisan sosial

Jenis kelamin

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Ciri masyarakat sederhana

Sistem gotong royong, ikatan kekeluargaan kuat, hukum tidak tertulis.

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Fakta diferensiasi sosial

Keberagaman suku bangsa, penilaian kekayaan, kesempatan perempuan dalam politik.

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Pengaruh negatif diferensiasi sosial

Muncul pandangan membanding-bandingkan budaya kelompok lain.

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Contoh ascribed status

Kaum bangsawan memperoleh penghormatan tinggi dalam masyarakat.

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Derajat sosial ekonomi petani

Kepemilikan sawah dan lahan pertanian.

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Struktur sosial vertikal

Kebangsawanan menjadi prestise dalam masyarakat tradisional.

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Struktur sosial horizontal

Suku Bugis, Bali, Jawa, Minang, Batak

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Cara mencapai status pahlawan

Assigned status.

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Sumber status Pak Budi

Keturunan

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Pelapisan sosial di desa X

Kekayaan

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Struktur sosial vertikal

Pensiun PNS dihormati, gelar sarjana simbol prestise, keturunan bangsawan dihormati.

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Diferensiasi sosial

Profesi khusus.

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Pengumuman Menteri

Presiden melaksanakan peran sosialnya

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Hubungan jabatan kepala desa

Kewenangan dan status sosial

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"Ascribed status"

Status yang diperoleh secara otomatis sejak lahir atau karena faktor keturunan.

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"Achieved status"

Status yang didapatkan melalui kerja keras dan dedikasi.

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"Assigned status"

Status yang diberikan oleh pemerintah karena prestasi luar biasa dari orang tersebut.

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Pentingnya "Struktur sosial"

Memberikan pedoman perilaku, stabilitas, dan batasan dalam berinteraksi.

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Kontribusi "Struktur sosial" terhadap pengembangan masyarakat.

Dengan menyediakan kerangka kerja untuk kerjasama, koordinasi, dan pembagian peran.

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Pengertian "Stratifikasi sosial"

Pembedaan anggota masyarakat ke dalam lapisan-lapisan hierarkis berdasarkan kekuasaan, privilege, dan prestise.

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Kriteria "Stratifikasi sosial"

Kekayaan, kekuasaan, kehormatan, dan pendidikan.

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Faktor-faktor yang mendorong "Stratifikasi Sosial"

Perbedaan sumber daya, spesialisasi pekerjaan, dan kekuasaan.

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Stratifikasi sosial yang memungkinkan perpindahan.

Stratifikasi terbuka

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Unsur-unsur stratifikasi sosial.

Kelas sosial, status sosial, dan kekuasaan.

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Study Notes

  • Struktur sosial adalah jalinan antara unsur-unsur sosial pokok, yaitu kaidah sosial, lembaga sosial, kelompok sosial, dan lapisan sosial.
  • Unsur baku dalam sistem lapisan sosial adalah status dan peranan.
  • Kemajemukan yang berhubungan erat dengan pandangan hidup suatu masyarakat menyangkut nilai-nilai yang dianutnya merupakan ciri kemajemukan berdasarkan budaya.
  • Stratifikasi sosial menurut Max Weber adalah penggolongan orang-orang ke dalam lapisan-lapisan hierarki dalam suatu sistem sosial.
  • Stratifikasi tertutup adalah stratifikasi di mana anggota dari stratanya sulit melakukan mobilitas vertikal dan mobilitas hanya terbatas pada horizontal.

Fakta Stratifikasi Sosial

  • Status sosial seseorang dapat dilihat dari harta benda yang dimiliki.
  • Kepala desa, ketua RW, dan ketua RT merupakan bagian dari struktur pemerintahan desa.
  • Anggota masyarakat berpendidikan tinggi lebih disegani.

Kelompok Sosial

  • Kelompok formal dan informal termasuk dalam klasifikasi kelompok sosial berdasarkan pencapaian dan tujuan kelompok.
  • Dalam masyarakat, istilah patembayan diistilahkan Ferdinand Tonnies sebagai Gesellchaft.
  • Kelompok sosieta, massa, dan kelompok statistik termasuk bentuk kelompok nyata.

Keanekaragaman di Indonesia

  • Keanekaragaman agama di Indonesia dilatarbelakangi oleh letak Indonesia yang strategis di jalur perdagangan internasional.
  • Kedatangan nenek moyang bangsa Indonesia dari Yunani dengan dua jalur mengakibatkan kemajemukan suku bangsa.
  • Kelompok sosial ras di Indonesia terbentuk karena adanya kesamaan fisik.
  • Pluralitas bangsa Indonesia berpotensi konflik dan dapat diatasi dengan sikap toleran.
  • Salah satu dampak negatif multikultural adalah konflik antarbudaya yang dapat diatasi dengan komunikasi budaya.

Stratifikasi Sosial

  • Stratifikasi sosial adalah pembedaan anggota masyarakat secara vertikal.
  • Jenis kelamin bukan kriteria yang biasa dipakai untuk menggolongkan anggota masyarakat ke dalam lapisan sosial.

Ciri-ciri Struktur Sosial Masyarakat Sederhana

  • Mengedepankan sistem gotong royong
  • Memiliki ikatan kekeluargaan sangat kuat
  • Menerapkan sistem hukum tidak tertulis

Fakta Sosial & Diferensiasi Sosial

  • Pelaksanaan jobfair kampus menghadirkan beragam lowongan pekerjaan dari perusahaan-perusahaan ternama
  • Warga kota Jakarta memiliki latar belakang suku bangsa atau etnik berbeda
  • Pemerintah memberikan kesempatan kepada perempuan untuk berpartisipasi dalam bidang politik

Dampak Negatif Diferensiasi Sosial

  • Muncul pandangan membanding-bandingkan budaya kelompok lain

Ascribed Status

  • Kaum bangsawan memperoleh penghormatan tinggi dalam masyarakat

Status Sosial Ekonomi

  • Kepemilikan sawah dan lahan pertanian

Struktur Sosial Vertikal

  • Kebangsawanan menjadi prestise dalam masyarakat tradisional

Struktur Sosial Horizontal dalam Masyarakat Majemuk

  • Kel 1: Suku Bugis, pedagang, Islam
  • Kel 2: Suku Bali, pegawai, Hindu
  • Kel 4: Suku Minang, peneliti, Islam

Assigned Status

  • Kemerdekaan yang diperoleh bangsa Indonesia tidak terlepas dari jasa para pejuang. Para pejuang tersebut disebut pahlawan.

Status yang Diperoleh karena Keturunan

  • Ia memperoleh kekayaan dari warisan orang tuanya.

Pelapisan Sosial

  • Kekayaan

Struktur Sosial Vertikal yang Ditunjukkan

  • Para pensiunan pegawai negeri sipil dihormati masyarakat karena status sosialnya
  • Gelar sarjana merupakan simbol prestise dalam masyarakat
  • Keturunan bangsawan memperoleh penghormatan lebih baik

Kelompok Profesional

  • Profesi khusus sehingga tidak ada perbedaan yang berarti

Tindakan Presiden Memperkenalkan Mentri

  • Presiden melaksanakan peran sosialnya

Perbedaan Dalam Pemerintahan Desa

  • Kewenangan dan status sosial

Deskripsi Ascribed Status

  • Status yang diperoleh secara otomatis sejak lahir atau karena faktor keturunan.

Contoh Achieved Status

  • Seorang manajer yang sukses mencapai posisinya melalui kerja keras dan dedikasi

Contoh Assigned Status

  • Penghargaan 'Pahlawan Nasional' yang diberikan pemerintah kepada tokoh berjasa.

Pentingnya Struktur Sosial

  • Memberikan pedoman perilaku, stabilitas, dan batasan dalam berinteraksi.

Kontribusi Struktur Sosial pada Pengembangan Masyarakat

  • Dengan menyediakan kerangka kerja untuk kerjasama, koordinasi, dan pembagian peran.

Pengertian Stratifikasi Sosial

  • Pembedaan anggota masyarakat ke dalam lapisan-lapisan hierarkis berdasarkan kekuasaan, privilege, dan prestise.

Kriteria Stratifikasi Sosial

  • Kekayaan, kekuasaan, kehormatan, dan pendidikan.

Pendorong Stratifikasi Sosial

  • Perbedaan sumber daya, spesialisasi pekerjaan, dan kekuasaan.

Stratifikasi Sosial yang Memungkinkan Perpindahan

  • Stratifikasi terbuka

Unsur Utama Stratifikasi Sosial

  • Kelas sosial, status sosial, dan kekuasaan.

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