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Questions and Answers
What is the primary basis for ranking individuals or groups in a social hierarchy?
What is the primary basis for ranking individuals or groups in a social hierarchy?
What type of social role is associated with a person's family position or gender?
What type of social role is associated with a person's family position or gender?
What is social inequality primarily characterized by?
What is social inequality primarily characterized by?
Which of the following is NOT a form of social inequality?
Which of the following is NOT a form of social inequality?
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What is a major cause of social inequality?
What is a major cause of social inequality?
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What is an example of a caste system?
What is an example of a caste system?
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What is a characteristic of a social movement?
What is a characteristic of a social movement?
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What is the primary goal of reform movements?
What is the primary goal of reform movements?
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What is an example of civic engagement?
What is an example of civic engagement?
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What is the primary importance of civic engagement?
What is the primary importance of civic engagement?
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What is the principle of social justice?
What is the principle of social justice?
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What is an example of a social justice issue?
What is an example of a social justice issue?
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What is retributive justice primarily concerned with?
What is retributive justice primarily concerned with?
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What is the ultimate goal of social justice?
What is the ultimate goal of social justice?
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Study Notes
Social Structure
Social Hierarchy
- A system of stratification where individuals or groups are ranked according to their social status
- Typically based on factors such as wealth, power, and prestige
- Examples:
- Caste systems (e.g. India)
- Class systems (e.g. upper, middle, lower classes)
Social Roles
- Expectations and responsibilities associated with a particular social position
- Influenced by social norms, values, and culture
- Types of social roles:
- Ascribed roles (e.g. family roles, gender roles)
- Achieved roles (e.g. occupations, hobbies)
Social Inequality
- Unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges among individuals or groups
- Forms of social inequality:
- Economic inequality (e.g. wealth, income)
- Social inequality (e.g. education, healthcare)
- Political inequality (e.g. voting rights, political representation)
- Causes of social inequality:
- Discrimination (e.g. racism, sexism)
- Socialization and cultural norms
- Institutional barriers (e.g. lack of access to education)
Note: These notes provide a brief overview of the key concepts related to social structure, social hierarchy, social roles, and social inequality.
Social Structure
Social Hierarchy
- A system of stratification that ranks individuals or groups based on their social status
- Typically determined by factors such as wealth, power, and prestige
- Examples of social hierarchies include caste systems, such as those found in India, and class systems, such as the upper, middle, and lower classes
Social Roles
- Expectations and responsibilities associated with a particular social position
- Shaped by social norms, values, and culture
- There are two types of social roles:
- Ascribed roles, which are assigned based on characteristics such as family roles, gender, and age
- Achieved roles, which are acquired through personal efforts, such as occupations, hobbies, and educational achievements
Social Inequality
- Refers to the unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges among individuals or groups
- Forms of social inequality include:
- Economic inequality, which involves unequal distribution of wealth, income, and material resources
- Social inequality, which involves unequal access to education, healthcare, and other social services
- Political inequality, which involves unequal opportunities for political participation and representation
- Causes of social inequality include:
- Discrimination based on factors such as race, gender, and ethnicity
- Socialization and cultural norms that perpetuate inequality
- Institutional barriers, such as lack of access to education and employment opportunities
Social Change
Social Movements
- A social movement is a collective effort to bring about or resist social change, characterized by collective action, shared identity, challenge to authority, and non-institutional operation.
- Types of social movements:
- Reform movements: seek to improve existing systems or institutions
- Radical movements: seek to fundamentally change or overthrow existing systems or institutions
- Redemptive movements: seek to transform individuals or society as a whole
Civic Engagement
- Civic engagement refers to citizens' participation in the public sphere to bring about social change.
- Forms of civic engagement:
- Voting and electoral participation
- Activism and advocacy
- Community organizing and volunteerism
- Public deliberation and discussion
- Importance of civic engagement:
- Holds elected officials accountable
- Influences public policy and decision-making
- Fosters a sense of community and social responsibility
- Enhances democratic participation and representation
Social Justice
- Social justice is the principle of promoting fairness and equality in society.
- Key concepts:
- Distributive justice: fair distribution of resources and opportunities
- Procedural justice: fair and impartial processes and procedures
- Retributive justice: fair punishment for wrongdoing
- Restorative justice: repairing harm and promoting healing
- Social justice issues:
- Racial and ethnic equality
- Gender equality and feminism
- Economic inequality and poverty
- Environmental justice and sustainability
- Human rights and dignity
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Description
This quiz covers the concepts of social structure, social hierarchy, and social roles. It explores the systems of stratification and the expectations associated with social positions.
