Questions and Answers
Who is the author of the Communist Manifesto?
Marx
What term describes the state of workers who feel cut off from the products and process of labor?
Alienation
Who studied two groups of male teenagers in a public housing development?
Macleod
Who coined the term 'white privilege'?
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What term refers to negative attitudes towards a group?
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Which theorist felt society was becoming increasingly rationalized?
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What term refers to the simultaneous experiences of members of minority groups due to multiple minority categories?
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Who argued that assimilation theories don't apply when looking at black and white relations in the U.S.?
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What is Marx's term for the working class in society?
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What type of crime is motivated by negative attitudes toward the victim's race, ethnicity, or religion?
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Who emphasized the impact of ethnocentrism, competition, and differential power in ethnic stratification?
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What is Marx's term for the owners of the means of production?
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Which theorist traces racism and race inequalities to the expansion of capitalism?
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What term refers to negative behaviors toward members of a group?
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Who was critical of David and Moore's theory for neglecting the dysfunctions of stratification?
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What term refers to everyday indignities faced by members of a minority group?
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What term refers to one's cultural, historical, linguistic background and heritage?
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Who wrote 'The Division of Labor in Society'?
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Which theorist emphasized the importance of cultural capital?
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What term refers to the concentration of groups of poverty in the inner city?
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Bowles and Gintis focused on how which institution reflects and supports the system of inequality?
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What perspective on stratification was emphasized by Davis and Moore?
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What is the name of the case that led to the Supreme Court decision in 1954 for desegregation of schools?
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What form of organization dominates in a rationalized society and supports capitalism?
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What belief asserts that one's racial or ethnic group is superior to others?
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What does segregation refer to?
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What term refers to the process where a racial or ethnic group comes to be included in the white category?
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Which theorist is associated with the idea of 'survival of the fittest'?
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What economic sector is characterized by large, capital-intensive, often international firms?
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Study Notes
Key Theorists and Concepts in Social Stratification
- Marx: Author of the Communist Manifesto; proposed the concepts of proletariat (working class) and bourgeoisie (owners of means of production).
- Weber: Focused on rationalization in society; contributed to understanding social stratification through differing class dynamics.
- Bourdieu: Emphasized the significance of cultural capital in understanding social inequalities.
- Macleod: Conducted a study on male teenagers in public housing to analyze the influence of individual differences, structure, and culture.
- McIntosh: Coined the term "white privilege," highlighting systemic advantages based on race.
- Bonacich: Linked racism and racial inequalities to capitalist expansion, offering a class-based analysis of race relations.
- Blauner: Argued that assimilation theories are inadequate for explaining black-white relations due to differing historical contexts.
Social Phenomena and Terms
- Alienation: A Marxist term describing workers' disconnection from products, labor processes, and fellow workers.
- Intersectionality: Refers to overlapping identities causing unique experiences of oppression for individuals belonging to multiple minority categories.
- Prejudice: Negative attitudes directed towards individuals based on group membership.
- Discrimination: Negative behaviors or actions taken against members of specific groups.
- Micro-inequalities: Daily, often subtle indignities experienced by minority group members.
- Hyper-ghettoization: Concentration of poverty-stricken communities in urban inner cities.
- Segregation: Physical separation of groups across housing, education, and employment sectors.
- Whitening: Process by which racial or ethnic groups are assimilated into the white category.
Education and Stratification
- Bowles and Gintis: Explored how the education system reflects and reinforces societal inequalities.
- Functional Perspective: Proposed by Davis and Moore, suggesting that stratification serves a purpose within society.
Historical and Legal Context
- Brown v. Board of Education: Landmark Supreme Court case in 1954 that began the desegregation of schools.
- Bureaucracy: Dominant form of organization in rationalized societies, integral to supporting capitalist structures.
Cultural and Social Constructs
- Ethnicity: Refers to an individual's cultural, historical, and linguistic background.
- Ethnocentrism: Belief in the superiority of one's racial or ethnic group over others.
- Hate Crime: Crimes motivated by negative biases towards a victim's race, ethnicity, religion, etc.
These notes encapsulate foundational theories, terms, and historical context within the study of social stratification, essential for understanding the complexities of societal structure and inequality.
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Test your knowledge with these flashcards focusing on key concepts in social stratification, including terms from Marx's theories. Perfect for exam preparation, these flashcards cover essential definitions and authors important to the subject.
