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Social Stratification and Inequality

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between open and closed systems of stratification?

Open systems are based on ascribed statuses, while closed systems are based on achieved statuses

Open systems are used in capitalist societies, while closed systems are used in socialist societies

Open systems are based on achieved statuses, while closed systems are based on ascribed statuses (correct)

Open systems are more common in modern societies, while closed systems were used in ancient societies

According to Karl Marx, what is the primary source of class distinction?

Social status and prestige

Ownership of the means of production (correct)

Occupation and education

Wealth and income

What is the term for the reputation someone occupying a status has earned?

Social mobility

Status inconsistency

Prestige

Esteem (correct)

What is the term for the ability to change positions within a social stratification system?

Social mobility Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for resources that a person possesses that are useful and desirable in society?

Cultural capital Signup and view all the answers

What is the functionalist perspective on inequality?

Inequality is necessary to attract the most qualified people to the most important occupations Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary mechanism by which societies allocate individuals to important occupations?

Unequal rewards Signup and view all the answers

According to the conflict theory, what is the primary outcome of social inequality?

Benefits for some, disadvantages for others Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the parenting style characterized by conversational equality and encouraging children to argue for what they want?

Concerted cultivation Signup and view all the answers

According to Merton, what is the result of people feeling strongly about their desire to achieve their goals?

Weakening institutional norms Signup and view all the answers

How do preschoolers unknowingly contribute to the continuance of social class inequality, according to Jessi Streib's research?

Through their language use and social interactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the symbolic interactionist perspective on inequality?

How inequality is communicated and perceived Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between middle-class and working-class parents' parenting styles, according to the text?

Middle-class parents practice 'concerted cultivation', while working-class parents prioritize 'natural growth' Signup and view all the answers