Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of social sciences?
Which branch of science focuses on the study of nonliving things?
In which type of reproduction does fertilization occur outside the female's body?
What differentiates plant growth from animal growth?
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Which of the following describes the study of the tissue?
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What is the main purpose of applied science?
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What term is used for the growth process in living things that occurs from within?
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Which statement about unicellular and multicellular organisms is correct?
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What process involves a single parent cell doubling its DNA and dividing into two cells?
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Which of the following is a type of metabolism that builds complex molecules from simple ones?
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What is the term used for adaptation that leads to evolutionary changes in a population?
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Which type of mutation affects only body cells and is not passed to offspring?
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Which of the following represents the correct order of biological organization from smallest to largest?
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What type of movement do animals exhibit in response to stimuli?
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Which of the following factors can control the lifespan of an organism?
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What type of response is 'tropism' in plants characterized by?
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Study Notes
Types of Science
- Social Science (Soft Science): Explores human behavior and societal interactions; utilizes quantitative research. Examples include Sociology, Anthropology, and Psychology.
- Mathematics and Logic: Primarily focuses on numerical analysis and deductive reasoning.
- Natural Sciences (Hard Science): Investigates natural phenomena; combines qualitative research with distinct branches:
- Physical Science: Examines matter and energy, covering fields like chemistry, physics, astronomy, meteorology, and geology; focuses on nonliving entities.
- Biological Science: Studies living organisms such as plants and animals, encompassing areas like botany, zoology, and microbiology; integrates both life and physical sciences.
Types of Scientific Research
- Pure Science (Basic Science): Pursues knowledge for its own sake, focusing on fundamental inquiries.
- Applied Science: Encompasses technological advancements aimed at solving real-world issues.
Areas of Biology
- Cytology/Cell Biology: Investigates cellular structures and functions.
- Histology: Focuses on the microscopic examination of tissues.
- Embryology/Developmental Biology: Studies the early stages of organismal development.
Attributes of Life
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Growth:
- Involves size increase through nutrient assimilation.
- Unicellular organisms grow in size, while multicellular organisms increase in both size and numbers.
- Plant growth is unlimited; animal growth is finite.
- Growth is regulated by hormones; distinguishes living (internal growth) from nonliving (external accumulation) entities.
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Reproduction:
- Essential for life continuation through offspring production, either sexually or asexually.
- Sexual reproduction involves gamete fusion (sperm and egg); includes external and internal fertilization methods.
- Asexual reproduction allows a single organism to reproduce independently; methods include binary fission, budding, and fragmentation.
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Metabolism:
- Represents all biochemical processes within an organism.
- Catabolism: Energy release from complex molecule breakdown (e.g., digestion).
- Anabolism: Formation of complex molecules from simpler ones for growth and repair (e.g., photosynthesis).
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Homeostasis:
- Maintains internal balance; includes responses to stimuli (irritability).
- Internal and external stimuli include hunger or environmental changes.
- Adaptation contributes to survival and evolutionary processes.
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Nutrition:
- Provides essential nutrients for growth, energy, and maintenance of bodily functions.
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Mutation:
- Involves genetic alterations in DNA; categorized as somatic (body cells) or germ mutations (sex cells).
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Biological Organization:
- Ranges from single-celled structures to complex multicellular arrangements.
- Progression from atoms to molecules, organelles, and cell inclusions in unicellular organisms, and from cells to organ systems in multicellular organisms.
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Movement:
- Animals are motile; plants exhibit stationary movement responding to stimuli such as light (phototropism) and gravity (gravitropism).
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Life Span:
- Defined and specific; influenced by genetic factors and external conditions like diseases or accidents.
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Form Shape:
- Determined by genetics and environmental influences.
General Concepts
- Cells: The fundamental unit of life, forming the basic structure for all living organisms and their functions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the broad fields of social sciences, mathematics, and natural sciences. This quiz covers key concepts, research methodologies, and distinctions between different branches of these disciplines. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of human behavior, quantitative and qualitative research, and natural phenomena.
