Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to the Media Equation theory, how do people tend to respond to computers and other media?
According to the Media Equation theory, how do people tend to respond to computers and other media?
- By avoiding interaction with them
- By ignoring their presence
- By considering them as inanimate objects
- By assigning human characteristics and treating them as real social actors (correct)
What did Reeves and Nass establish before the Media Equation test in 1996?
What did Reeves and Nass establish before the Media Equation test in 1996?
- The superiority of in-person interactions over interactions with computers
- The irrelevance of human-like interaction with computers
- The unpredictability of human responses to media
- When a computer asks a user about itself, the user will give more positive responses than when a different computer asks the same question (correct)
What do numerous studies indicate about people's response to media, based on the Media Equation theory?
What do numerous studies indicate about people's response to media, based on the Media Equation theory?
- People rarely assign human characteristics to computers and other media
- The response to media is purely rational and calculated
- The type of reaction is automatic, unavoidable, and happens more often than people realize (correct)
- People are completely aware of their responses to media
According to Reeves and Nass, how do individuals' interactions with computers, television, and new media compare to interactions in real life?
According to Reeves and Nass, how do individuals' interactions with computers, television, and new media compare to interactions in real life?
What does anthropomorphism suggest?
What does anthropomorphism suggest?
What does mindlessness refer to?
What does mindlessness refer to?
What did Johnson and Gardner test mindlessness as one of the explanations for?
What did Johnson and Gardner test mindlessness as one of the explanations for?
What did the results show about female participants in a positive mood interacting with computers?
What did the results show about female participants in a positive mood interacting with computers?
What did another study find about the influence of cognitive evaluation on the media equation effect?
What did another study find about the influence of cognitive evaluation on the media equation effect?
What did participants from the avatar condition report after group exclusion?
What did participants from the avatar condition report after group exclusion?
What did the real-life social behavior tests indicate about participants excluded by avatars?
What did the real-life social behavior tests indicate about participants excluded by avatars?
What did the study find about the media equation's validity for immediate response to social exclusion?
What did the study find about the media equation's validity for immediate response to social exclusion?
What was the main focus of Reeves and Nass's experiment?
What was the main focus of Reeves and Nass's experiment?
How did participants' evaluations of computer #1 differ based on the evaluation method?
How did participants' evaluations of computer #1 differ based on the evaluation method?
What did the addition of a voice speaker to both computers reveal about people's behavior?
What did the addition of a voice speaker to both computers reveal about people's behavior?
What does the media equation propose?
What does the media equation propose?
What is the basis of the media equation?
What is the basis of the media equation?
According to Nass and Reeves, what is an innate human response to media?
According to Nass and Reeves, what is an innate human response to media?
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Study Notes
The Social Response to Computers and Media
- Reeves and Nass conducted an experiment with 22 participants to evaluate the social responses to computers.
- The experiment involved participants interacting with two computers and a pen-and-paper questionnaire.
- Participants were asked to evaluate the computer's performance and describe it using adjectives.
- The evaluations of computer #1 were more positive when done on the same computer, and more varied and negative when done on a different computer or pen-and-paper questionnaire.
- The addition of a voice speaker to both computers yielded almost identical results, indicating that people are polite to computers in both verbal and textual scenarios.
- The experiment supports the hypothesis that social rules can apply to media, and computers can be social initiators.
- The media equation relies on eight propositions derived from the research, including the automatic nature of social responses to media and the tendency to respond to what is present.
- The media equation is based on the idea that everyone responds socially and naturally to media, regardless of their experience or cultures.
- According to Nass and Reeves, assigning social roles, emotions, and human characters to media is an innate human response, with three proposed explanations: anthropomorphism, the computer-as-proxy, and mindlessness.
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