Social Psychology Scientific Study Quiz

What is the main purpose of schemas according to the passage?

To organize and make sense of the world (correct)
To lead to errors in memory
To approach every situation as if it were encountered for the first time
To accentuate perceived similarities within and differences between groups

What is the primary focus of Social Psychology?

Studying general laws about societies
Exploring behaviors specific to exotic societies
Understanding individual behavior in social situations (correct)
Analyzing characteristics that make individuals unique

What is the Accentuation Principle discussed in the passage?

The tendency to approach every situation as if it were encountered for the first time
The tendency to accentuate perceived similarities within and differences between groups on dimensions believed to be correlated with the categorization (correct)
The tendency to misremember details that are consistent with a schema
The tendency to form new memories

How does Social Psychology differ from Sociology?

Social Psychology is more experimental, whereas Sociology provides general laws about societies (D) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Social Anthropology from Social Psychology?

Social Anthropology historically deals with exotic societies and tribal cultures (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the memory test, what type of details did subjects misremember in the marriage proposal condition?

Details that were consistent with the schema, such as Jack wanting to meet Barbara's parents and giving her roses (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does Personality Psychology differ from Social Psychology?

Personality Psychology emphasizes individual differences rather than social influence (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the memory errors in the marriage proposal and rape conditions?

In the marriage proposal condition, subjects misremembered details consistent with the schema, while in the rape condition, they misremembered details inconsistent with the schema. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of human behavior does Social Psychology primarily study?

Common psychological processes that lead to social influence (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the connection between schemas and Korsakoff's Syndrome, as discussed in the passage?

Korsakoff's Syndrome causes people to approach every situation as if it were encountered for the first time, due to the inability to form new memories and relate to past schemas. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In what way does Social Psychology differ from Sociology and Personality Psychology?

Social Psychology studies how individuals view and affect one another, unlike Sociology and Personality Psychology (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main conclusion drawn in the passage about the function of schemas?

Schemas are important because they allow for continuity and the ability to relate new experiences to past schemas. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to Asch's configural model, which of the following traits would have the most disproportionate influence on the overall impression formed?

Central traits like warm or cold (A) Signup and view all the answers

In Asch's study, which effect was observed when participants were presented with positive traits first and negative traits last?

Primacy effect (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why the recency effect may occur, according to the text?

The participant is too tired or overworked by bombarded stimuli (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Asch's configural model?

The order of presentation has no effect on the impression formed (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the numerical values provided in the text, which trait would be considered a central trait based on its high numerical value?

Reliable (94) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the options or distractors in a well-constructed multiple-choice question, according to the guidelines provided?

Options should include phrases directly from the text (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is the importance of people's 'naive' or common sense psychological theories?

They influence behavior because they shape people's expectations and actions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between how people view their own behavior versus the behavior of others, according to the passage?

People view their own behavior as motivated, but see others' behavior as random (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the example of people who believe in astrology relate to Heider's theory of 'naive psychology'?

It demonstrates that people who believe in astrology have different expectations and are likely to act differently (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the example about the Toyota car repairs, as presented in the passage?

To demonstrate that people's 'naive' psychological theories can influence their behavior (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea or theme that connects the various concepts and examples presented in the passage?

The role of 'naive' or common sense psychological theories in shaping people's behavior and expectations (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what are the three key principles that Fritz Heider's theory of 'naive psychology' is based on?

<ol> <li>People feel their behavior is motivated, not random; 2) People look for causes and reasons to describe others' motives; 3) People use rational, scientific-like cause-effect analyses to understand their worlds (A)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main explanation for the tendency to attribute our own behaviors externally and others' behaviors internally?

The actor-observer bias (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the perceptual focus explanation, why do actors tend to attribute their behavior to situational factors?

They are focused on the background situation rather than themselves (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the false consensus effect?

The tendency to see our own behavior as being more typical than it really is (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the study by Ross, Green & House (1977), what did students who agreed to wear the sandwich board estimate?

They estimated that 62% of their peers would also agree (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the informational differences explanation, why do observers tend to attribute actors' behaviors to internal factors?

They have limited information about how the actor behaves in other contexts (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the study by Ross, Green & House (1977), what did students who refused to wear the sandwich board estimate?

They estimated that 67% of their peers would also refuse (C) Signup and view all the answers