Social Psychology Overview Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What approach did Aristotle take in his study of social psychology?

Individual-centered approach (correct)

Socio-centered approach

Crowd psychology approach

Cultural psychology approach

Which of the following figures is known as the 'Father of Sociology'?

Wilhelm Wundt

Plato

Auguste Comte (correct)

Aristotle

What was the focus of McDougall's approach in social psychology?

Group dynamics

Individual behavior (correct)

Historical context

Cultural influences

What event was a significant catalyst for the psychological study of social issues?

The Great Depression Signup and view all the answers

Which researcher is associated with the concept of the 'authoritative personality'?

Theodor Adorno Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the roles of social psychology during World War II?

Developing personality assessments Signup and view all the answers

Which view posits that scientific knowledge mirrors reality in social psychology?

The conventionalist view Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following experiments focused on the effects of the mere presence of others on individual performance?

Triplett's experiment Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of prejudice that can manifest in behavior?

Stereotyped beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What is the Implicit Association Test designed to measure?

Implicit prejudice based on social conditioning Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is primarily involved in causing intergroup conflicts according to the Realistic Group Conflict Theory?

Limited resources Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Robber’s Cave studies by Muzafer Sherif et al.?

Cooperation led to a reduction in aggression Signup and view all the answers

What does the Contact Hypothesis, proposed by Allport, suggest for reducing prejudice?

Promoting equal status interactions Signup and view all the answers

What psychological theory proposes that prejudice stems from a biological source and aggression between social groups?

Instinct model by Lorenz Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method for reducing prejudice mentioned?

Discrimination training Signup and view all the answers

What does denying being racist lead to, according to the content?

A new form of racism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect in the context of the Asch Configural model?

First impressions carry more weight. Signup and view all the answers

According to Anderson’s algebraic model, how are judgments formed?

By combining values of different traits. Signup and view all the answers

What does the halo effect refer to in impression formation?

Making an overall judgment that is more accurate. Signup and view all the answers

What is a dual process model as described by Brewer's formation model?

An approach that requires more cognitive effort based on prior associations. Signup and view all the answers

How do micro-impressions relate to spotting a liar?

They are fleeting and may indicate prosocial behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Duchenne smile' characterized by?

Contraction of the oculi muscles indicating true emotion. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'self enhancement' in managing impressions?

Personal efforts to improve oneself. Signup and view all the answers

What does kin selection favor in terms of cooperative behavior?

Reproductive success of close relatives. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concept of reactance as described in the content?

A rebellion against perceived attempts at persuasion Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can contribute to selective avoidance according to the discussed principles?

Personal experiences that contradict advice Signup and view all the answers

How does inoculation theory explain resistance to persuasion?

By using weak counterarguments to strengthen existing beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What finding does the study on rebellion in the imaginary company Encounter illustrate?

Support from others decreases the likelihood of complying with unethical tasks Signup and view all the answers

What does the Ringelmann effect describe?

Reduced effort in groups compared to individuals Signup and view all the answers

According to Latane's Social Impact theory, what increases the likelihood of social loafing?

A distant and less immediate group setting Signup and view all the answers

What does the Collective Effort Model suggest about individual recognition in group tasks?

Efforts are more valued when individuals are recognized separately Signup and view all the answers

How does prior knowledge about persuasion affect an individual's response?

It allows time to prepare counterarguments before responding Signup and view all the answers

What concept is associated with the idea of maximizing rewards while minimizing costs in social interactions?

Social Exchange Theory Signup and view all the answers

Which type of aggression is defined as a cold, calculated action aimed at achieving a goal without a desire to harm?

Instrumental Aggression Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the theory that views aggression as a survival mechanism linked to innate instincts?

Ethological Approach Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon promotes the idea that aggression can serve a functional purpose, such as protection?

Natural Aggression Signup and view all the answers

According to Bandura, aggression is defined as behaviors that result in what?

Personal injury or destruction of property Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a limitation of biological explanations of aggression?

Correlation with traumatic experiences Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

The connection between frustration and aggressive behavior Signup and view all the answers

In the context of aggression, what is meant by 'catharsis'?

The release of pent-up aggression Signup and view all the answers

What does the frustration-aggression model suggest as a primary trigger for aggressive behavior?

External factors Signup and view all the answers

According to Berkowitz's changes in the frustration-aggression theory, what type of frustration leads to aggression?

Emotional frustration Signup and view all the answers

What influential factor does social learning theory attribute to the development of aggressive behavior?

Direct experience and imitation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a cause of aggression according to the content provided?

Biological inheritance Signup and view all the answers

In the context of controlling aggression, what role does punishment play according to Baron et al.?

It must be prompt, strong, and justified Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'hostile bias' refer to in the context of aggression?

The tendency to perceive benign actions as hostile Signup and view all the answers

Which cultural aspect can influence attitudes towards aggression, as mentioned by Hogg and Vaughan?

Cultural norms and values Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the 'culture of violence theory' as mentioned in the content?

To analyze models of aggression and non-aggression in cultures Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Social psychology studies the complex and inherently social nature of humans.
Greek philosophers, like Plato, emphasized the collective, while Aristotle focused on the individual's inherent sociability.
Auguste Comte, considered the father of sociology, championed systematic observation of social orders and revolutions.
Late 19th and early 20th century saw European approaches, like Volkerpsychologie (folk psychology) and Crowd Psychology (studying riots and mobs).
Early 20th-century figures like Triplett explored social facilitation and competition, contributing to the field.

Key Events

The Great Depression (1930s) spurred social issues research.
The formation of SPSSI (Society for the Psychological Study of Social issues) in 1936.
Kurt Lewin's dictum, "no research without action, no action without research," highlighted the application of social psychology to solving social problems.

Social influence is about how people affect each other.
Confederates, or actors, influencing others are a core aspect.
Triplett's 1898 experiment indicated that others' presence enhances performance.
Social facilitation and competition, the "mere presence" effect are critical to understand.
Informational social influence occurs when individuals look to others for information, especially when faced with uncertainty.

Lecture 3: Reactance

Reactance occurs as a reaction against perceived threats to one's freedom of choice.
When individuals feel pressured to comply with something, they may push back.
This resistance might manifest as choosing the opposite option.
Inoculation theory can protect against persuasion by exposing individuals to weak counterarguments.

Lecture 4: Prejudice

Prejudice is about making assumptions about someone based on their group membership.
Stereotyped beliefs, discrimination, and negative assumptions are components of prejudice.
Historical and societal contexts play significant roles in shaping prejudiced views.

Lecture 5: Impressions Management

First impressions carry more significance than later ones (primary effect)."
Initial judgments of others are often influenced by early impressions, which carry much weight.
Factors like appearance and physical attributes can strongly influence our perceptions.
There are different models proposed to understand how individuals form impressions, e.g., Anderson's algebraic model and Brewer's dual process model.

Lecture 6: Prosocial Behavior

Prosocial behavior involves voluntary actions that aim to help others.
Altruism is a key element in prosocial behavior, but the conditions for it to happen are varied and complex.
Bystander effect describes how the presence of others can inhibit individual intervention in emergencies.

Lecture 7: Aggression

Aggression involves physical, psychological, or emotional behavior intended to harm another person.
Evolutionary perspectives offer explanations for aggression, often stemming from genetic factors and competition.
Social learning theory emphasizes the role of observation and imitation in shaping aggressive behavior.

Lecture 8: Affiliation

Affiliation describes the desire to be around others; situations with or without high anxiety levels cause varied levels of affiliation.
Social factors like proximity, similarity, and reciprocity influence the formation of relationships.
Love is examined as a powerful social force driving affiliation.

Questions of bias, inherent subjectivity, and the limitations of measurement are identified as critical factors.
The complexities of social interactions and the inherent difficulty of accurately measuring social phenomena are emphasized.
Methodological challenges are noted, and alternate approaches encourage the investigation of social issues empirically.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts and figures in social psychology. This quiz covers Aristotle's contributions, foundational theories, pivotal studies, and significant historical events that shaped the field. Perfect for students and enthusiasts of social sciences!