Podcast
Questions and Answers
What event increased psychosociological research in education during the late 1960s and early 1970s?
What event increased psychosociological research in education during the late 1960s and early 1970s?
- The Second World War (correct)
- The creation of classroom norms
- The rise of democratic governments
- The establishment of formal education systems
In the classroom as a mini-society, who is referred to as the 'ruler'?
In the classroom as a mini-society, who is referred to as the 'ruler'?
- Parents
- Teachers (correct)
- Students
- The principal
Which of the following best describes social norms in the context of a classroom?
Which of the following best describes social norms in the context of a classroom?
- Individual preferences that govern student choices
- Formal classroom policies for academic performance
- Set regulations established by the teacher
- Behavioral standards that control social interactions (correct)
What do norms reflect within a classroom setting?
What do norms reflect within a classroom setting?
How are norms typically maintained in a classroom environment?
How are norms typically maintained in a classroom environment?
Which process is NOT considered a part of social influence in the classroom?
Which process is NOT considered a part of social influence in the classroom?
Which of the following statements about implicit norms is true?
Which of the following statements about implicit norms is true?
What is one of the main goals of a teacher within a classroom atmosphere?
What is one of the main goals of a teacher within a classroom atmosphere?
What type of power is described as the ability to provide positive consequences or remove negative ones?
What type of power is described as the ability to provide positive consequences or remove negative ones?
Which type of power arises from a person's appointment or election to a position of authority?
Which type of power arises from a person's appointment or election to a position of authority?
The power that comes from the admiration and respect of others is known as what?
The power that comes from the admiration and respect of others is known as what?
What power type is exhibited when a student leader controls select information regarding an upcoming event?
What power type is exhibited when a student leader controls select information regarding an upcoming event?
Which of the following is an example of coercive power?
Which of the following is an example of coercive power?
What is expert power primarily based on?
What is expert power primarily based on?
A department head giving directives that must be followed by employees exemplifies which power type?
A department head giving directives that must be followed by employees exemplifies which power type?
What type of power is involved when a teacher possesses knowledge that students need for success?
What type of power is involved when a teacher possesses knowledge that students need for success?
What is the purpose of the sociometric questionnaire in a classroom setting?
What is the purpose of the sociometric questionnaire in a classroom setting?
Which student type is characterized by receiving many disliking nominations and no liking ones?
Which student type is characterized by receiving many disliking nominations and no liking ones?
What is one main purpose of norms in the classroom?
What is one main purpose of norms in the classroom?
Which of the following characteristics does NOT reflect a high positive classroom climate?
Which of the following characteristics does NOT reflect a high positive classroom climate?
Which type of norm is characterized by being flexible and changing?
Which type of norm is characterized by being flexible and changing?
What might a controversial student evoke among their peers in a classroom?
What might a controversial student evoke among their peers in a classroom?
What does the term 'conformity' refer to within the context of classroom norms?
What does the term 'conformity' refer to within the context of classroom norms?
In sociometric measurement, which of these criteria is NOT typically included?
In sociometric measurement, which of these criteria is NOT typically included?
How are 'strong' norms defined in a classroom setting?
How are 'strong' norms defined in a classroom setting?
What is a significant effect of social comparison processes in a classroom?
What is a significant effect of social comparison processes in a classroom?
Which of these student types does NOT receive any nominations of any type?
Which of these student types does NOT receive any nominations of any type?
Which of the following is an example of an implicit norm in the classroom?
Which of the following is an example of an implicit norm in the classroom?
What is one characteristic of a classroom with a high positive climate?
What is one characteristic of a classroom with a high positive climate?
What might lead an individual to conform to group norms?
What might lead an individual to conform to group norms?
Which of the following statements is true regarding explicit norms?
Which of the following statements is true regarding explicit norms?
Which of the following best represents a weak norm?
Which of the following best represents a weak norm?
What principle explains why students prefer to compare their grades with classmates of the same gender?
What principle explains why students prefer to compare their grades with classmates of the same gender?
What effect does upward social comparison have on students, according to the study?
What effect does upward social comparison have on students, according to the study?
Which emotion is commonly exaggerated by liars to mask their deceptive behavior?
Which emotion is commonly exaggerated by liars to mask their deceptive behavior?
What advantage do women typically have over men regarding nonverbal communication?
What advantage do women typically have over men regarding nonverbal communication?
Which factor must be present for social comparison to positively influence academic performance?
Which factor must be present for social comparison to positively influence academic performance?
What behavior is often associated with someone who is lying in a classroom setting?
What behavior is often associated with someone who is lying in a classroom setting?
What ability do men generally exhibit more than women in the context of emotional expression?
What ability do men generally exhibit more than women in the context of emotional expression?
Why might children develop low self-conceptions of their abilities, according to Levine?
Why might children develop low self-conceptions of their abilities, according to Levine?
What effect does a lack of control over key resources have on parents' behavior towards their children?
What effect does a lack of control over key resources have on parents' behavior towards their children?
In group dynamics during a task, what aspect should be observed to assess leadership effectiveness?
In group dynamics during a task, what aspect should be observed to assess leadership effectiveness?
How can diversity within the classroom contribute positively?
How can diversity within the classroom contribute positively?
What is a potential consequence of parents feeling excluded or undervalued?
What is a potential consequence of parents feeling excluded or undervalued?
What should be considered when assessing group work outcomes?
What should be considered when assessing group work outcomes?
Which characteristic might help students feel accepted and valued in an inclusive environment?
Which characteristic might help students feel accepted and valued in an inclusive environment?
What role does negative control play in a parent's interaction with their children?
What role does negative control play in a parent's interaction with their children?
Which method can help highlight individual student characteristics in a diverse classroom?
Which method can help highlight individual student characteristics in a diverse classroom?
Flashcards
Social Psychology of Education
Social Psychology of Education
The field of study that examines the social and psychological aspects of learning within educational settings.
Post-WWII Influence on Social Psychology of Education
Post-WWII Influence on Social Psychology of Education
The rise of social psychology research in education happened after World War II as people saw the need for improved democratic values through education.
Classroom as a Mini-Society
Classroom as a Mini-Society
A classroom is like a miniature society with rules, roles, and interactions similar to a larger society.
Formal Structure of a Classroom
Formal Structure of a Classroom
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Informal Structure of a Classroom
Informal Structure of a Classroom
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Social Norms
Social Norms
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Social Influence
Social Influence
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Implicit Norms
Implicit Norms
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Fixed Norms
Fixed Norms
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Dynamic Norms
Dynamic Norms
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Strong Norms
Strong Norms
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Weak Norms
Weak Norms
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Conformity
Conformity
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Internalization
Internalization
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Reward Power
Reward Power
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Coercive Power
Coercive Power
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Legitimate Power
Legitimate Power
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Referent Power
Referent Power
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Expert Power
Expert Power
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Information Power
Information Power
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Social Power
Social Power
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French and Raven's Power Theory
French and Raven's Power Theory
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Sociometric Questionnaire
Sociometric Questionnaire
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Sociogram
Sociogram
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Popular Student
Popular Student
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Rejected Student
Rejected Student
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Neglected Student
Neglected Student
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Controversial Student
Controversial Student
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Classroom Climate
Classroom Climate
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Social Comparison
Social Comparison
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Social Comparison in School
Social Comparison in School
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Similarity Principle
Similarity Principle
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Upward Comparison
Upward Comparison
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Downward Comparison
Downward Comparison
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Growth Mindset
Growth Mindset
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Nonverbal Behavior Analysis
Nonverbal Behavior Analysis
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Planned Deceptive Behavior
Planned Deceptive Behavior
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Gender Differences in Nonverbal Communication
Gender Differences in Nonverbal Communication
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Learned helplessness
Learned helplessness
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Apathy
Apathy
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Negative control
Negative control
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Taking account of learning needs
Taking account of learning needs
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Diversity as a strength
Diversity as a strength
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Differences affecting classroom experience
Differences affecting classroom experience
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Feeling accepted and valued
Feeling accepted and valued
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Inclusive environment
Inclusive environment
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Study Notes
Social Psychology of Education: Climate and Interactions in the Classroom
- The field of Social Psychology of Education emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
- This field developed after World War II, with the increased interest in psychosociological research in education.
- The belief a good education would promote democracy saw the war as a conflict between fascism and democracy
- The classroom is a mini-society with a defined structure and formal goals
- There's a "ruler" (teacher) with legitimate authority and "citizens" (students)
- Teachers have a responsibility to create a positive learning environment
- Classrooms have informal structures due to interactions between students and teachers
- Complex processes of social influence exist in classrooms, such as leadership, social classes/roles, and popularity, prestige, and power dynamics.
Norms, Rules, and Expectations
- Social norms are behavioral standards that control members' social behavior in specific circumstances
- Norms reflect a group's values, goals, and culture
- Norms are formed and maintained by the group, making social behavior predictable.
- These norms govern the expected behavior in classrooms.
- Norms exist regarding maintaining routine, enabling academic work, interpersonal relationships, and how to interact with teachers and school staff.
Types of Norms
- Norms can be implicit or explicit; some are formal, others informal.
- Norms can be fixed or dynamic, some are consistent, and others change over time.
- Some norms are strong with firm adherence and potential sanctions for violation.
Conformity
- Conformity is the degree to which a group maintains norms.
- Conformity in groups vary greatly
- Conformity can stem from strong belief in the value of the norms or a group's need to belong.
Teacher as Authority: The Bases of Social Power
- Teacher authority comes from various bases of social power as proposed by French and Raven (1959).
- Reward power refers to the ability to provide positive and/or negative consequences.
- Coercive power is the ability to punish non-compliance with demands.
- Legitimate power stems from the teacher's position and the perceived right to direct behavior.
- Referent power results from admiration, respect, and identification with the teacher.
- Expert power stems from superior knowledge and skills sought by others.
- Information power comes from controlling information needed by others.
Teacher as Leader
- Lewin, Lippitt, and White (1939) identified three distinct leadership styles.
- Authoritarian leaders provide directions without explanation, take input from the group rarely, and criticize often.
- Democratic leaders foster group discussion, involve input, and encourage egalitarian relations.
- Laissez-faire leaders are hands-off, allowing student control without significant interaction or guidance.
Social Measurement in the Classroom: Status and Social Classes
- Classrooms are stratified into social classes characterized by status differences as defined by Hargreaves (1975).
- Popularity reflects levels of attraction and rejection within the group.
- Social power measures the distribution of leadership and influence.
- Prestige is associated with special student roles or attributes.
Social Measurement in the Classroom: Sociograms
- Sociometric measurement by Moreno (1934) seeks to understand the classroom social structure through student reports of likes and dislikes.
- Sociograms visually depict attraction and rejection, showing patterns between students based on sociometric criteria, such as "whom do you like most," "whom would you play with outside school," and "whom would you want to be close friends with?"
Social Measurement in the Classroom: Typology
- Social measurement of students leads to four student types:
- Popular students receive positive ratings and few negative ones.
- Rejected students receive plenty of negative feelings and ratings and few positive ones
- Neglected students experience little to no nominations of any kind.
- Controversial or disliked students receive strong positive and negative nominations, capturing much attention in the classroom.
Classroom Climate
- Positive classroom climates show the psycho-social-emotional and organizational state
- Factors such as overall satisfaction and atmosphere with low friction, mutual support, and open communication are present.
- Higher productivity and better achievements result from positive classroom climates.
Social Comparison
- Social comparison is a common classroom dynamic, both positive and negative which involves the processes of comparing self to others.
- Levine (1983) explains that this comparison can lead to damage to self-esteem for some individuals when comparing oneself to others who are better.
- A study by Blanton et al. (1999) explores how students in the classroom compare their own grades to their peers and how this comparison can impact the results obtained and academic success.
Nonverbal Behavior
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Observing nonverbal behavior can reveal information about individuals' emotional states, motivations, and intentions.
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Liars tend to be overly planned and lack spontaneity.
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They may try to overcompensate through exaggerated emotions.
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Tension or guilt can often occur, which might be apparent through nonverbal cues.
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Women often exhibit higher levels of emotional expressiveness.
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They also show superior skills in understanding nonverbal cues.
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Men excel more at emotional control and regulating expressions.
Child-Parent Interactions
- Home learning and parental support are crucial for children's education success.
- Parental involvement significantly impacts learning, even more so than school quality
- These skills and control influence children’s learning needs positively or negatively.
Group Activities (Classroom Dynamics)
- Students participate in group activities as a learning experience.
- These group activities are intended to assess leadership, conflict, exclusion, roles, and outcome influences.
Diversity Mapping
- Students create a diversity map demonstrating their self-characteristics and how they see diversity and inclusion.
Questions for Group Discussion
- Discussion questions are provided to encourage discussion on classroom diversity, acceptance, differences and similarities.
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Description
Explore the intricate dynamics of classroom interactions through the lens of social psychology. Understand how teachers and students navigate authority, norms, and social influences to shape a positive learning environment. This quiz will test your knowledge on the historical context and key concepts surrounding education and classroom climate.
