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Questions and Answers
In social psychology, what is the dual impact of social situations on individual behavior?
In social psychology, what is the dual impact of social situations on individual behavior?
- Social situations are powerful determinants of behavior, overriding individual differences.
- Individuals passively accept social situations without personal interpretation.
- Social situations solely determine behavior, irrespective of personal traits.
- Individuals actively interpret social situations, and this interpretation, along with the situation itself, influences behavior. (correct)
How do social psychologists view an individual's capacity to shape their own social environment?
How do social psychologists view an individual's capacity to shape their own social environment?
- Social psychology solely determines behavior, irrespective of personal traits.
- Individuals are equally powerful in shaping their behavior, which in turn shapes their social worlds. (correct)
- Social situations are the sole creators of an individual's personal behavior.
- Individuals have no power to influence their social worlds.
How do social intuitions impact our perceptions and understanding of the world?
How do social intuitions impact our perceptions and understanding of the world?
- Social intuitions have no bearing on shaping fears, impressions, and relationships.
- Social intuitions can be powerful but are occasionally misleading. (correct)
- Social intuitions are always reliable guides for understanding situations.
- Social intuitions impede our ability to form impressions and relationships.
An individual volunteers to work at a homeless shelter during the holidays. Which of the following best describes how social psychology would explain this behavior?
An individual volunteers to work at a homeless shelter during the holidays. Which of the following best describes how social psychology would explain this behavior?
Which perspective in social psychology emphasizes the role of learning and past experiences in shaping social behavior?
Which perspective in social psychology emphasizes the role of learning and past experiences in shaping social behavior?
Which theoretical perspective emphasizes the individual's subjective interpretation of events in the environment to drive their social behavior?
Which theoretical perspective emphasizes the individual's subjective interpretation of events in the environment to drive their social behavior?
A researcher conducts a study to examine the impact of violent video games on aggression levels in adolescents. Participants are randomly assigned to play either a violent or non-violent video game for one hour, then complete a questionnaire measuring their aggression levels. Which research method is being used?
A researcher conducts a study to examine the impact of violent video games on aggression levels in adolescents. Participants are randomly assigned to play either a violent or non-violent video game for one hour, then complete a questionnaire measuring their aggression levels. Which research method is being used?
In social psychological research, what is the purpose of debriefing participants after the research is completed?
In social psychological research, what is the purpose of debriefing participants after the research is completed?
A student is giving a presentation in class and is feeling nervous. They believe that everyone can tell how anxious they are, even though they appear calm and collected. Which concept does this exemplify?
A student is giving a presentation in class and is feeling nervous. They believe that everyone can tell how anxious they are, even though they appear calm and collected. Which concept does this exemplify?
A Caucasian American is in a room full of Black Americans. How might this situation impact their self-awareness, according to the principles of social psychology?
A Caucasian American is in a room full of Black Americans. How might this situation impact their self-awareness, according to the principles of social psychology?
An individual cuts in line. Which of the following best describes how self-interest might color your judgment of this situation?
An individual cuts in line. Which of the following best describes how self-interest might color your judgment of this situation?
How do social relationships influence our sense of self, according to social psychology?
How do social relationships influence our sense of self, according to social psychology?
In the context of self-concept, what is the primary distinction between the "I" and the "Me," according to George Herbert Mead?
In the context of self-concept, what is the primary distinction between the "I" and the "Me," according to George Herbert Mead?
When a student that fails an exam, what does the self serving bias entail?
When a student that fails an exam, what does the self serving bias entail?
How are schemas related to personal experiences?
How are schemas related to personal experiences?
According to the material from the textbook, what does the German word Schadenfreude describe?
According to the material from the textbook, what does the German word Schadenfreude describe?
What is the primary difference between private and public self-awareness?
What is the primary difference between private and public self-awareness?
According to control theory of self-regulation, what do people do when they become aware of a discrepancy between their behavior and a standard?
According to control theory of self-regulation, what do people do when they become aware of a discrepancy between their behavior and a standard?
Which of the following traits describes Individualism?
Which of the following traits describes Individualism?
Flashcards
What is Social Psychology?
What is Social Psychology?
The scientific study of how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.
Social Thinking
Social Thinking
The scientific study of how we perceive ourselves and others, what we believe, and judgments we make.
Social Influence
Social Influence
How culture, pressures to conform, persuasion, and groups of people shape our behavior.
Social Relations
Social Relations
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Group Norms & Roles
Group Norms & Roles
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Sociocultural Perspective
Sociocultural Perspective
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Evolutionary Perspective
Evolutionary Perspective
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Social Learning Perspective
Social Learning Perspective
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Phenomenological Perspective
Phenomenological Perspective
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Psychological Tests
Psychological Tests
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Spotlight Effect
Spotlight Effect
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Illusion of Transparency
Illusion of Transparency
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Self Schemas
Self Schemas
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Schemas
Schemas
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Identity
Identity
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Self Presentation
Self Presentation
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Self Monitoring
Self Monitoring
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Dramaturgical Perspective
Dramaturgical Perspective
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Attribution
Attribution
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Dispositional Attribution
Dispositional Attribution
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Study Notes
Social Psychology Overview
- Study of feelings, thoughts, and behaviors in social situations.
- Aims to understand how individuals are influenced by others' presence.
- People subjectively interpret social situations
- Social psychology emphasizes creating our own social worlds.
Social Psychology Key Areas
- Social Thinking: Involves perceiving others, personal beliefs, and judgments. Individuals construct their social reality, where intuitions can be powerful but risky, and behaviors shape attitudes.
- Social Influence: Includes culture, biology, conformity, persuasion, and group dynamics. Social and dispositional factors significantly shape behavior.
- Social Relations: Covers prejudice, aggression, attraction, intimacy, and helping behaviors. Social behaviors can be both negative and positive.
Social Cognition Details
- Reality is socially constructed
- Intuitions can be both helpful and dangerous.
- Social-Neuroscience examines neurological and psychological bases of behavior.
Social Influences
- Situation is powerful
- Personality/attitude shape behavior
Social Relations
- Feelings and actions toward people can vary from negative to positive.
- Stress influences feelings and actions
- Silent treatment elevates blood pressure Social support strengthens the immune system
Applicability of Social Psychology
- Useful for understanding oneself and in everyday life.
- Applied to becoming informed citizens
Theoretical Foundations
- Sociocultural Perspective: Focuses on the influence of larger social groups. Includes the impact of nationality, social class, and historical trends. Social norms and cultural context influence beliefs and customs.
- Evolutionary Perspective: Focuses on the causes of social behavior based on physical and psychological dispositions that aided ancestors' survival and reproduction. Adaptations are characteristics designed for survival in specific environments. Natural selection is key
- Social Learning Perspective: Experiences determine a person's social behaviors. Considers both social and cognitive factors. Observation, modeling, and imitation. Observational learning shown by Bandura.
- Phenomenological Perspective (Kurt Lewin): Social behavior occurs by subjective interpretation of events in an environment. Emphasis on person-situation interactions, goals, and phenomenology.
- Social Constructivism: People construct/ invent, learning occurs through social interaction. Shaped through social interaction, key by constructing knowledge
- Social Cognition Perspective: Focuses on mental processes involved in paying attention to, interpreting, judging, and remembering social experiences. Includes how people process, store, and apply information.
Basic Principles of Social Behavior
- Social behavior is goal-oriented to achieve satisfaction
- Behavior represents continual interaction between individuals and situations
- People need relationships to satisfy social goals.
- People devote attention to gathering information to manage lives.
- Dominance and Submissiveness: is a primary dimension used in describing humans.
- Local level people protect themselves
- National level, societies protect themselves
Interaction: Person and Situation
- Person is the characteristics carried into social situations.
- Situation refers to environmental circumstances outside the person.
- Person and situations are intertwined because biology interacts with social environment.
- Different situations trigger different parts of the self (e.g., quiet in class, funny with friends).
- How individuals react depend on which specific facets are in each situation
- Situations depend on facets of attention
- Every reaction depends on a combination of these
Process of Social Psychological Research
- Involves topic selection and literature review, theory and hypothesis development.
- Methods: selection, data collection, analysis. Results reported.
Ways to Study Social Behavior
- I. Descriptive Correlation: Methods, used to record thoughts,feelings in neutral state, the hope is to record behaviors without any interference. It just describes and records
- Naturalistic Observation: Observing behavior in a natural setting to see interaction
- Case Study: Is an intensive examination of one individual or a group in a unusual setting
- Archives: Researchers test hypotheses using data collected of police reports etc
- Surveys collect thoughts, feelings through surveys
- Psychological tests, these tests consist of scores and reliability
- II. Experimental: these are attempts to manipulate social process aspects
Ethical Consideration
- Privacy must always be respected
- Every person must remain anonymous
- Every precaution and procedure should ensure everyones safely
Safeguards
- Always get consent
- Always debrief
- Ensure all costs and benefits are evaluated
Nature of the Self
- "Three things extremely hard: steel, diamond, and to know one's" -Benjamin Franklin
- Spotlight Effect: Belief that others notice you more than they do, overestimate how aware others are of the self
- Illusion of Transparency: Belief that concealed emotions are obvious
Self-Awareness and Social Surroundings
- Awareness of self increases as surroundings and people change
- In situations, we pay attention to how we act because someone can be judging us
- We tend to see things In a way that benefits us or makes us look good
Self-Concern
- Self concern motivates social behavior
- Actions are driven by desire to project and improve our image
- People may act to be seen well and liked more
- People also study
- Social Identity: shaped through the people in society
The Self
- Individuals use social being to reflect on his personal behavior and personality
- We can become who we are through these interactions
George Herbert Mead Stages of Self
- These consist of stages a person undergoes in his devt
- Preparatory
- Play
- Game
William James Concepts
- Focused on mature self and what they do
- Focus on what becomes the "me".
- Through emotional identification through our emotions
Self-Concept
- Is a summary of beliefs about the self
- Components- cognitive + esteem
Self-Esteem
- Estimate and appraisal of yourself through positive and negative attributes Components- cognitive + more
Connections
- Esteem and concepts are connected
Self-Serving Bias
- Failure to accept failures
- Accepting successes
Comparisons
- Are people more aware of things during social interactions
- Overestimate opinions
- Beliefs can be more adaptive
Templates
- Schemas are based on mental templates in which we organize our worlds and experiences
- Perceive experiences
Self-Schema
- Organizes concepts of relevant data
Schema Type
Person and role. This allows for better knowledge and understanding
The 2 Types of Awareness
- Private, preparation
- Public, pleasing
The Effect
- Allows a self-esteem that is lost, the greater adherence to social standards of behavior
The Self
- Habitual tendency to engage in awareness
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