29 Questions
Which type of aggression is characterized by inflicting harm for its own sake?
Emotional/hostile aggression
In Jane Elliot's experiment, what social psychological concept is illustrated by the treatment of the participants based on their eye color?
Social identity theory
How does culture influence aggression?
Culture may promote honor-related violence
What biological factor influences aggression?
Low levels of serotonin
How can we reduce aggression according to the text?
By promoting empathy and perspective-taking skills
What type of behavior is instrumental aggression?
Behavior driven by the desire for personal gain or advantage
In what way does the media influence aggression?
By desensitizing individuals to violence and aggressive behavior
What is the primary difference between emotional/hostile aggression and instrumental aggression?
Emotional/hostile aggression is impulsive, while instrumental aggression is premeditated
What does the text suggest about the relationship between biological factors and social psychological factors in influencing aggression?
Biological factors and social psychological factors interact to influence aggressive behavior
What is one way exposure to violence on television can lead to aggression?
By providing aggressive models
What can exposure to violence in the media lead to?
Priming aggressive thoughts and emotions
How does arousal from watching highly violent television influence aggression?
It can energize whatever a person is already feeling
What is one way of reducing aggression mentioned in the text?
Punishing aggressive behavior
What does learning information indicating that a person should not be held fully responsible for his/her actions do?
Reduce desire for aggression
What is power-distance in terms of culture?
The extent to which status and hierarchical relationships are valued in a culture
What is one reason given for higher rates of domestic violence in collectivistic cultures?
Emphasis on loyalty and self-sacrifice
What is one characteristic of peaceful societies mentioned in the text?
Intense focus on intergroup cooperation
What does the 'culture of honour' in the American South promote?
Certain types of aggressive acts that serve to protect oneself and defend one’s honor.
What is one way child-rearing norms may influence the acceptability of aggression?
By promoting nonaggressive responses
According to Freud's death wish theory, aggression is considered as:
A coping mechanism for a subconscious death wish
What percentage of violence against children is perpetrated by parents or caregivers?
84%
According to genetic factors, what percentage of the variance in aggression do they contribute to?
41%
Which hormone is associated with increased aggression in both males and females?
Testosterone
According to Frustration-aggression theory, what does frustration lead to?
Aggression
Which theory suggests that negative events can lead to aggression, including exposure to aggressive behavior in daily life and media?
Cognitive-neoassociation theory
What does Social learning theory emphasize regarding behavior?
Behavior is learned through observing and modeling others
What can hot temperatures and other unpleasant conditions lead to?
Increased aggression due to heightened physiological arousal and hostile feelings.
According to Lorenz's instinct theory, what is aggression considered as?
An innate drive linked to survival.
What does relative deprivation lead to?
Perceived injustice and frustration, causing people to displace their economic frustrations onto minorities.
Study Notes
Biological Factors and Aggression Theories
- Aggression is influenced by biological factors including instinct, evolution, genetics, and hormones.
- Freud's death wish theory suggests that aggression is a coping mechanism for a subconscious death wish.
- Lorenz's instinct theory posits that aggression is an innate drive linked to survival.
- Childhood maltreatment and abuse are prevalent, with 84% of violence against children perpetrated by parents or caregivers.
- Genetic factors contribute up to 41% of the variance in aggression, and high levels of testosterone are associated with aggression in both males and females.
- Social learning theory suggests that behavior is learned by observing others and is influenced by rewards and punishments.
- Testosterone increases readiness to react aggressively and can lead to impatience and irritability.
- Frustration-aggression theory states that frustration leads to aggression, with displacement of aggression towards certain targets when the source of frustration is not available.
- Relative deprivation can lead to perceived injustice and frustration, causing people to displace their economic frustrations onto minorities.
- Cognitive-neoassociation theory suggests that negative events can lead to aggression, including exposure to aggressive behavior in daily life and media.
- Hot temperatures and other unpleasant conditions can lead to increased aggression due to heightened physiological arousal and hostile feelings.
- Social learning theory emphasizes that behavior is learned through observing and modeling others, and reinforcement can lead to aggressive behavior, as demonstrated by the Bobo doll experiment.
Test your understanding of social psychology concepts and theories with this quiz. Explore the concepts illustrated in Jane Elliot's experiment and analyze the influences and factors affecting aggression discussed in the lecture overview.
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