Social Psychology Chapter Overview - Ch 1

<p>The interplay of biological, psychological, and social influences on behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feeling left out had dramatic effects on how people felt about themselves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because its conclusions often seem like common sense. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many of the conclusions will probably have already occurred to you (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To discern and explain relationships among social events. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These fields provide valuable, though unsystematic, observations about social behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social psychology uses the scientific method to test hypotheses, while common sense relies on anecdotal evidence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher income individuals volunteer more due to greater resources or social networks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The perception that it merely formalizes what people already know. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To illustrate that intuitive beliefs are often inaccurate when tested empirically. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As self-esteem increases, depression decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships between variables. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intelligence and family status are confounding variables influencing both self-esteem and achievement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By examining how relationships between variables change over time, potentially revealing cause-and-effect. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whether changes in one study variable precede or follow changes in another variable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As one twin's intelligence score increases, the other twin's intelligence score tends to increase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enables the study of variables in their natural context, increasing the ecological validity of the findings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because people often mistakenly assume that correlation indicates causation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The real cause might be less obvious and overshadowed by more salient but ultimately irrelevant factors.. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hindsight makes past choices seem more obvious than they were at the time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Knowing the outcome (cause of death) makes it easier to judge the initial diagnosis as incorrect. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common sense is often right after the fact, but not always accurate in predicting events. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common sense can be misleading and overturned by scientific evidence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To show how accepted practices, even in medicine, can be wrong until tested scientifically. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Predictions made after an event are often biased by knowledge of the outcome. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conventional wisdom is useful after the fact. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The photograph shown to the men (obese vs. normal-weight woman). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The men spoke less warmly and happily to the women they believed to be obese. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discrimination might explain the correlation between obesity and lower status. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To give the researcher confidence that any later difference is caused by the treatment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The warmth and happiness perceived from the men's side of the conversation by independent observers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine if the correlation is causal or due to other underlying variables. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a correlation between obesity and lower marital status and income, potentially influenced by factors like discrimination. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deception to maintain experimental realism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To minimize pre-existing differences between participants in different conditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manipulating an independent variable and randomly assigning participants to conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Randomly assigning students to either the new method or the standard method. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure that the independent variable is the only factor influencing the dependent variable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To observe its effect on the dependent variable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exercise and happiness are associated with each other. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observing the relationship between hours of sleep and academic performance in a group of students. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amount of sleep participants get. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A field that studies how evolution influences human behavior and thought processes.

The process where traits that help survival and reproduction are passed on to future generations.

The study of how biology and social interactions influence behavior.

A framework that considers biological, psychological, and social influences on behavior.

The need to belong and fit in with others, influencing feelings and stress levels.

Attributing failure to the wrong reasons, like blaming distractions instead of preparation.

The tendency to see events as having been predictable after they have already occurred.

Mistakes in evaluating situations based on incomplete information, leading to wrong conclusions.

Assuming common knowledge is always correct without scientific evidence.

Healthcare professionals showing arrogance in diagnosing based on hindsight instead of symptoms alone.

The philosophical debate on whether happiness stems from reality or illusion.

Beliefs accepted by the majority that may not always be true, often needing scientific validation.

The difference between criticizing oneself for mistakes versus assessing the actual situation objectively.

The study of how individuals think, influence, and relate to others in social contexts.

Everyday reasoning or beliefs often based on anecdotal evidence.

Contradictory criticisms targeting social psychology as either trivial or insightful.

The effect that people have on each other's beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors.

The range of experiences, emotions, and behaviors that define human existence.

The connections and interactions between individuals in a society.

Patterns and changes in social behaviors and attitudes over time.

The difference in earnings between men and women in the workplace.

A numerical value that measures the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables.

When one variable increases, the other decreases; indicated by a negative r value.

When two variables increase or decrease together; indicated by a positive r value.

These two factors may correlate, but the relationship can be influenced by intelligence and family status.

A method that studies the same subjects over a period to discern cause and effect relationships.

External variables that can affect the relationship between the main variables being studied.

Methods used to separate the influence of confounding variables from the main factors of interest.

Research technique revealing which variable changes precede or follow changes in another variable.

The variable that is manipulated in an experiment to observe its effects.

The outcome that is measured in response to changes in the independent variable.

Keeping other factors constant to isolate the effect of the independent variable.

Assigning participants to groups randomly to ensure each has an equal chance of assignment.

Correlation indicates a relationship but does not imply one causes the other.

A study where the researcher manipulates an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable.

Variables that are kept the same in an experiment to ensure valid results.

Research studying the impact of violent video games on behavior, often measured in experiments.

The group that does not receive the experimental treatment.

A relationship indicating obese individuals showed lower income and marital status.

Assessing characteristics based on perceived appearance.

The specific condition applied in an experiment to study its effects.

Men spoke less warmly when women were perceived as obese.

Understanding how social variables impact individual behavior and perceptions.