Social Psychology Chapter

Physiology of Sweat Glands

• Sweat glands are located in the dermis and hypodermis layers of the skin. • There are two types of sweat glands: eccrine glands and apocrine glands.

Eccrine Glands

• These glands are found all over the body, with the highest density on the palms and soles. • They produce a clear, watery sweat that is secreted directly onto the skin's surface. • The sweat is mainly composed of water (98-99%) and electrolytes such as sodium, chloride, and potassium.

Apocrine Glands

• These glands are found mainly in the armpits and genital area. • They produce a thicker, more protein-rich sweat that is secreted into the hair follicle. • Apocrine sweat is more viscous and contains lipids, which can lead to body odor.

Sweat Regulation

• Sweat production is regulated by the autonomic nervous system, specifically the sympathetic nervous system. • The hypothalamus acts as the thermoregulatory center, controlling body temperature and sweat production. • Sweat rate can vary depending on factors such as temperature, humidity, and emotional state.

Sweat Composition

• Sweat is composed of 98-99% water, with the remaining 1-2% consisting of electrolytes and other substances. • The pH of sweat is slightly acidic, ranging from 4.5 to 6.5.

Clinical Relevance

• Sweat glands play a crucial role in thermoregulation and maintaining body temperature. • Dysregulation of sweat glands can lead to conditions such as hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating) or hypohidrosis (insufficient sweating). • Sweat tests are used in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder affecting the sweat glands.