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Questions and Answers
Which field examines the interplay between economics, politics, and law?
Which field examines the interplay between economics, politics, and law?
Comparative politics only looks at governance systems within a single country.
Comparative politics only looks at governance systems within a single country.
False
What does political science assume about humans?
What does political science assume about humans?
Humans are political beings.
Political science studies organized communities while sociology studies both organized and ___ communities.
Political science studies organized communities while sociology studies both organized and ___ communities.
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Match the terms with their definitions:
Match the terms with their definitions:
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What is the main focus of biological and physical anthropology?
What is the main focus of biological and physical anthropology?
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Sociology and anthropology are two completely different fields with no overlap.
Sociology and anthropology are two completely different fields with no overlap.
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Who stated that the sociological attitude has tended towards the practical and present while the anthropological attitude has been towards pure understanding and the past?
Who stated that the sociological attitude has tended towards the practical and present while the anthropological attitude has been towards pure understanding and the past?
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Sociology studies __________ cultures while anthropology studies __________ cultures.
Sociology studies __________ cultures while anthropology studies __________ cultures.
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Match the following disciplines to their primary focus:
Match the following disciplines to their primary focus:
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What does political science primarily focus on?
What does political science primarily focus on?
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Public administration examines how decisions and politics are made.
Public administration examines how decisions and politics are made.
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What term is derived from the Greek word 'polis'?
What term is derived from the Greek word 'polis'?
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Which of the following is a goal of anthropology?
Which of the following is a goal of anthropology?
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Political science focuses only on local politics.
Political science focuses only on local politics.
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Sociology helps with _____ and provides insights into various social situations.
Sociology helps with _____ and provides insights into various social situations.
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Match the goals with their respective fields:
Match the goals with their respective fields:
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Which aspect does sociology aim to explain?
Which aspect does sociology aim to explain?
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Material culture refers to non-physical human creations.
Material culture refers to non-physical human creations.
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What defines a society?
What defines a society?
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Which of the following is an example of a folkway?
Which of the following is an example of a folkway?
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Mores are norms that are less significant than folkways.
Mores are norms that are less significant than folkways.
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What is the term for the process of learning culture?
What is the term for the process of learning culture?
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A _____ is a formal body of rules created by the government and regulates conduct.
A _____ is a formal body of rules created by the government and regulates conduct.
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Match the type of norm with its definition:
Match the type of norm with its definition:
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Which of the following does NOT represent a cultural symbol?
Which of the following does NOT represent a cultural symbol?
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Culture is exclusively learned through conscious processes.
Culture is exclusively learned through conscious processes.
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What is the definition of taboo?
What is the definition of taboo?
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What is a primary outcome of socialization?
What is a primary outcome of socialization?
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Enculturation refers to the process of making laws and regulations.
Enculturation refers to the process of making laws and regulations.
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What are norms?
What are norms?
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An individual’s __________ is a position they occupy in society, which implies certain roles.
An individual’s __________ is a position they occupy in society, which implies certain roles.
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Which of the following best describes conformity?
Which of the following best describes conformity?
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Deviance is characterized by acceptance of societal norms.
Deviance is characterized by acceptance of societal norms.
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Match the concepts with their definitions:
Match the concepts with their definitions:
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What is the significance of inclusive citizenship?
What is the significance of inclusive citizenship?
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Which of the following is NOT a form of deviance?
Which of the following is NOT a form of deviance?
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Human Rights Education is a tool for social stagnation.
Human Rights Education is a tool for social stagnation.
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What is the primary goal of the process of redistribution in nonmarket institutions?
What is the primary goal of the process of redistribution in nonmarket institutions?
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In the context of deviance, _______ involves rejecting both cultural goals and institutionalized means.
In the context of deviance, _______ involves rejecting both cultural goals and institutionalized means.
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Match the types of rights with their definitions:
Match the types of rights with their definitions:
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What does innovation in the context of deviance mean?
What does innovation in the context of deviance mean?
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Market transactions involve exchanges of goods and services for cash.
Market transactions involve exchanges of goods and services for cash.
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_______ is the type of nonmarket institution that involves a direct exchange of goods or labor.
_______ is the type of nonmarket institution that involves a direct exchange of goods or labor.
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Study Notes
Social Change
- Changes in human interactions and relationships transform cultural and social institutions.
- Substantial transformation of behavioral patterns, values, and social norms over time.
- Causes of social change include technology, environment, and population.
Political Change
- Government change surrounding leadership and policies.
- This occurs when rulers lose power or the governance framework changes.
- Governance is the nation's framework for running.
- Internal political change is instigated by the people (elections, resignation, etc.).
- External political change is imposed by other countries.
Cultural Change
- The manner and extent of change in society.
- A change in a society's culture.
- Culture evolves by adapting behaviors, norms, and traits.
- Factors of Cultural Change include Technology Evolution, Geographical and ecological factor, and Contact.
- Cultural Diffusion is the spread of one's culture.
- Acculturation is the process of adopting/ borrowing someone's culture.
Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science
- Social science encompasses the study of identity, culture, society, and politics.
- It studies the function of society and interactions among its members.
- Sociology is derived from Latin and Greek words meaning "associate or companion" and "study".
- It examines social structure development, the function of humans in society, and how people interact.
- Anthropology studies people, past and present, focusing on the human condition (cultural and biological).
- The word anthropology comes from Greek words meaning "human" and "study".
- Cultural Anthropology examines cultural variations and examines each culture's context.
- Linguistic Anthropology studies language and its reflection of human culture.
- Biological/Physical Anthropology studies human origins, evolution, adaptation, and variations.
- Archaeology studies prehistoric societies through tools and environment.
- Sociology and anthropology share similar goals, focusing on social aspects.
Sociology and Anthropology: Differences
- Anthropology studies society holistically (politics, family, economy, religion).
- Sociology focuses on specific aspects of society.
- Anthropology studies smaller, static cultures; sociology studies dynamic cultures.
- Anthropology studies past cultural development; sociology studies present development.
Political Science
- A systematic study of governance systems and the state.
- Politics originates from the Greek word "polis" meaning city-state (or sovereign state).
- Political science is grounded in the Latin word scire (to know).
- The discipline focuses on equality, freedom, justice, conflict, and cooperation.
- Political Science is the study of how societies make, maintain, and change their rules.
Sociology and Political Science: Common Concerns
- Laws made by the state
- Social customs, traditions, and norms
- Social functions and organizations
- Societal problems
Sociology and Political Science: Differences
- Political science focuses on political organizations and systems.
- Sociology studies society as a whole, including various organizations.
- Political science focuses on the state and government, sociology considers all social institutions..
Culture and Society
- Culture is a patterned way of life.
- Material culture includes physical things (buildings, tools).
- Non-material culture includes intangible aspects (beliefs, values.)
- Society includes individuals sharing a common culture within a defined area.
- Society has rules, traditions, and customs for appropriate behavior.
Beliefs, Values and Norms
- Beliefs are convictions (strong feelings of certainty).
- Values are shared perceptions of what is desirable.
- Norms are accepted standards of behavior in society.
- Folkways are norms for routine matters.
- Mores are widely observed norms, and behaviors.
- Taboos are strongly forbidden actions.
- Laws are formalized rules made by the government.
Socialization and Enculturation
- Socialization: Society shaping individuals to follow norms.
- Enculturation: Passing on cultural knowledge from one generation to the next.
- Identity formation: Socialization with others influences personal characteristics.
- Norms and Values: Culturally defined rules guiding acceptable behavior.
- Statuses and Roles: Social positions and expected behaviors.
- Socialization creates and maintains social order in any society.
Conformity and Deviance
- Conformity is acting in accordance with standards or authority.
- Deviance is acting in socially unacceptable ways.
- Factors impacting conformity include majority influence and social acceptance.
- Deviance is performing actions deemed unacceptable.
Human Dignity, Rights, and Common Good
- Human dignity is self-respect and worth, physical and psychological integrity and empowerment.
- Human rights protect people and ensure basic needs.
- Basic human rights protect life, liberty, equality, and security.
- Human dignity and common good respect every human being.
Global Inequality
- Global inequality is the difference between people's resources/ opportunities across countries.
- Includes economic differences and access to resources.
- Countries with many resources tend to have more power and dictate policies.
Social Inequality
- Unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and rewards.
- Based on differences in social positions (gender, race, ethnicity).
Socioeconomic classes, and stratification.
- Upper Class: Elite, wealthy families.
- Middle Class: Professionals, business owners.
- Lower Class: Office workers, laborers.
- Social stratification involves ranking social categories into higher and lower positions.
Education
- Education is a social institution that teaches essential skills and values.
- It involves formal (classroom) and informal learning processes, and transmitting knowledge, skills, and values from teachers to learners.
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Description
Explore the dynamics of social, political, and cultural change in human societies. This quiz covers the factors driving transformations in interactions, governance, and cultural evolution. Understand the roles of technology, population, and external influences in these processes.
