Social Philosophy: Society, State & Social Sciences

• The notes are about Social Philosophy and cover topics such as society, family, the State, social sciences, individualism, universalism, and the role of the State.

Social Philosophy

• Moral philosophy necessarily leads to social philosophy.
• The following topics will be covered: Introduction, society in general, the family, total society, the municipality, the nation and the State, and the Church

Social Sciences

• Social sciences study social acts, which involve individuals influencing each other.
• Different perspectives on social acts lead to various key social sciences.
• Social philosophy studies the philosophical aspects of social acts, exploring their foundations and ultimate causes, thus being a speculative science.

Ethics

• Social ethics studies the moral aspect of social acts including their goodness or badness
• Social ethics is a practical, normative science that deals with "moral norms".

Sociology

• Sociology studies the positive aspects of social acts, identifying characteristics of concrete events
• Sociology is a positive science, committed to describing events and deducing laws "a posteriori".
• Genesis 11:18 states "It is not good that man should be alone."

Individualism

• Individualism is the theory of the social pact
• Individualism asserts that humans are not naturally sociable and lived isolated without forming any society
• Later, humans united through a social pact for coexistence and mutual aid
• Although precedents exist in antiquity, this doctrine was explicitly formulated by Hobbes and Rousseau.

Thomas Hobbes

• Thomas Hobbes (17th-century English philosopher) believed primitive man lived in isolation and continuous struggle "homo homini lupus" (man is a wolf to man).
• To avoid mutual destruction, they made a pact of coexistence, creating life in society

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau (French philosopher) thought primitive man also lived in isolation, but without struggle.
• The need for mutual help for better living and progress led them to the social pact.

Social Universalism

• Social universalism is also known as socialism or organicism
• This theory asserts society is a primary and supra-individual reality, absolute and prior to the individual
• The individual is only a product of society, an insignificant part, and must be entirely subordinate to it This doctrine was defended by socialism and communism and Karl Marx

Positive Philosophers

• French and English positivist philosophers (Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer, 19th century) saw society as an organism, similar to the human body where individuals are just parts, cells
• This "social organism" appeared through evolution from primitive matter.

Critique

• The theory of the social pact lacks foundation because it affirms the social nature of man and the existence of a social pact (which is purely imaginary and practically impossible) without demonstrating it, based on the "savage" state of primitive man
• Organicism relies on an evolutionist and materialist view that is not universally accepted, and questions the nature of the proposed primary and supra-individual reality of society.
• The true origin of society is man's sociable nature.

The Sociable Nature of Man

• It values the human person as an individual
• It contrasts to individualisms

Demonstration of Sociability

• (Cicero) "Every constant fact is founded on the nature of things."
• Man has always lived in society across all times, races, countries, customs, ideologies.
• This constant fact must stem from a constant and immutable cause: the nature of man.

The Imperfection of Man as an Individual

• As an isolated being, man cannot satisfy all the natural demands of his life
• As an individual, man needs the help of others in some aspects and helps others in other aspects.
• Humans complete each other mutually, hence society progresses.

Instinct

• More than any animal, man has an innate propensity to live in society, to communicate his ideas and feelings, and to help his fellow men
• Language is a natural thing to man, but it would be absurd and inexplicable if it were not to serve man in society.

Social Ethics Definition of Society

• Society is the more or less stable union of many men to achieve an agreed end under an authority.

Requirements to Form a Society

• The union of men in the society called "moral person" with rights and obligations
• An agreement toward a common goal
• Subjection to the direction of an authority

Divisions of Society

• According to perfection, scope, or autonomy society is diveded into perfect or imperfect
• Perfect society is one with its own goals and sufficient means to achieve them, like the Church and the State
• These are complete due to their ease of relationships with culture, technology, and economics, thus society fulfills social needs of men
• Imperfect society lacks the means for its end, like the family and other societies permitted by the Church and State.

Origin

• According to their origin, there's natural society (originating from natural law) and positive society (originating from positive law)
• The Church is a perfect society of positive right and a natural right
• The State is a perfect positive society
• Trade unions and religious associations are of eclectic positive law

The Family

• "Every attack against the family is an attack against humanity"
• The family is a natural association that begins with marriage, and is completed with offspring from that marriage
• The family (domestic society) is the stable union of man, woman, and children under the man's authority

Aspects of domestic society

• The society of man and woman which is the conjugal society is the marriage as a status
• The society of parents and children or paternal power

Conjugal partnership

• The conjugal society is the indivisible community of life and love between a man and a woman
• The conjugal society is ordered by its own nature towards procreation, education of children, and the mutual perfection of the spouses.
• Marriage is a contract by which the man and woman oblige themselves to provide and educate children

Marriage

• The purposes of marriage are procreation and education in conjugal union in a marital state
• As seen in the definition, the primary purpose of marriage is biological procreation (strictly the creation of offspring) and psychological procreation (the upbringing and education of offspring)

Fundamental Properties of Marriage

• Unity matters because in marriage there's a union of one with one, contradicting polyandry, polygyny, and androgyny; polyandry contradicts the primary end of marriage, while polygyny contradicts the secondary end

Indissolubility

• Indissolubility matter for the permanence of the bond until the death of one of the spouses

Oughts

• They are easily deduced from all we have said and must be pointed out as Love, mutual support (physical and moral), cohabitation

Palermo-Filial Society

• The family is completed with the children, so we use "paternal-filial society" and "family" as synonyms.
• The end of the paternal-filial society with the children is, specifically, their education.

Education

• "Educate" is derived from "e-ducare," which means "to extract, to take out."
• It means forming a person's faculties, "extracting" from them all possibilities of perfection.
• Education can be physical, intellectual, moral, and religious.

Who Can Educate?

• Parents have the right and the duty to educate their children, as they have the natural parenting rights
• The church has the right to teach by its very own nature
• The right of the Church, to teach is founded in the "teach all the nations" mission imposed by Christ
• Other persons (individuals or associations) can.

Duties And Rights Of The State

• The duties and rights of the State can be summarized as It has a duty to respect and protect the rights of parents, the Church, and individuals (which are prior to those of the State)
• Respect entails not infringing upon those rights
• Protecting entails preventing others from infringing upon them and providing assistance for their convenient exercise

Duties

• These are the duties and rights of Velar: Ensuring civic and national education to the citizens;
• To supply the following deficiencious for example, opening a school where one is absent, and nobody else may, or wants to found one
• To ensure that the education is performed with the required guarantees but this monitoring labor, should happen without lesioning the rights of Family, of State, and of Church; and the state should accept the guarantees, that should be offered regarding education

Patria Potestad

• Patria Potestad includes the following duties: By emancipation, for age of majority
• By the cessation of children
• By the action of The State, to the indecent father

Duties of Parenthood

• Duties for those listed that are considered also rights Alimertairos - To feed children under age
• To educate physics, intellectuals, and moral and religious
• Respeitaris respect their vacation, and also provide guidance in their lives

Third Type of Society

• Society Heril : "Henil ' s inherited from the bítimu. 'Heres
• It means gentlemen or masters, owner of the House. SocirclodHeril, the joint of the masters and the maid for that recipocra solidarity

Origins of this type of society

• Lack of sufficient manpower o assist the family, also a need to provide assistance for sustenance
• However, its a society in disappearance. that are based on The Bonds That Unite in a common bond , the stable society
• Permanence for the duration that it occurs would be considered for the domination of the community

Related Responsibilities

• Masters Should provide salary, food, rest, and human dignity.
• Charity, treating like children rather then external subjects, and care about their spiritual path

Duties of Maids

• Laziness
• Obedience
• Respect and love in all regards.

Society Political

• Municipality and nation.
• "The world awaits the nation, in his image that of God.
• The family is social cells but are not integrated the individual within the community of the social. City of Municipalities".
• Society is political
• Group of stable association.

Society as Politicas

• Those in the general population that unite to the political and to defend that said.
• Principal parameters of the social. Has an society is also to has been constued natrallu.
• A political society assumes the tension in all that number.

Three Principles

• Principus are the municipality, lunáciony.
• But should they be as it were.

Forms of Government

• Forms of Government: Monarchy and Society
• As in the first society.
• Government. Is in a group like society. Conuida The so is not always possible to take into account

Community

• With respect to the community. A conjunto.
• What you should have you will.
• So that you can have the society.

Community 2

• Each need must to what the instincts are telling you
• Those are one of that is equal is an
• Community.
• According to Society.

Elements to be considered

• What occurs within society. Where you should be. -What should be considered when establishing your political form
• Is an opinion regarding Society and Culture is more with the country.

The State

• "That is on the area as to what to Nations are for. Vazquez is a nation who is the area: The State Is also Defined, in all areas of the
• State and the Law.
• Elementos is constitutive of THE THE-state
• Members. But its is is precise .Those from are so be. Its can't be done

Territory

• Territory, in the the the the the element, must be the state of abootir
• Power You will be have a good government. All elements are the most essentional.
• They must make sure, the people aren't on.

Explore social philosophy, covering society, family, and the State. Delve into social sciences, individualism, and the role of social ethics. Understand moral norms and the philosophical aspects of social acts.