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Questions and Answers
According to the research, what effect does viewing an image of an innocent suspect on social media have on eyewitness identification?
According to the research, what effect does viewing an image of an innocent suspect on social media have on eyewitness identification?
- It decreases the likelihood of misidentification compared to viewing a mugshot.
- It increases the likelihood of misidentification, especially if the suspect has mutual friends with the eyewitness. (correct)
- It always enhances the accuracy of eyewitness identification.
- It has no impact on eyewitness identification accuracy.
What is the primary distinction between mugbook viewings and social media searches concerning eyewitness memory contamination?
What is the primary distinction between mugbook viewings and social media searches concerning eyewitness memory contamination?
- Social media searches are always conducted under police supervision.
- Social media searches are less likely to cause memory contamination.
- Mugbook viewings are supervised by law enforcement, allowing for safeguards against suggestion, whereas social media searches are unsupervised. (correct)
- Mugbook viewings are more likely to involve a commitment effect.
How does previous exposure to a suspect, regardless of whether they are guilty, impact a witness's confidence in their identification?
How does previous exposure to a suspect, regardless of whether they are guilty, impact a witness's confidence in their identification?
- It decreases confidence, making identifications less reliable.
- It increases confidence, but does not affect the reliability of the identification.
- It can increase confidence, potentially making a high-confidence judgment unreliable due to memory contamination. (correct)
- It has no impact on the witness's confidence level.
What is the 'commitment effect' in the context of eyewitness testimony and mugbook viewings?
What is the 'commitment effect' in the context of eyewitness testimony and mugbook viewings?
In the State v. Chen case, what was the primary concern of the New Jersey Supreme Court regarding the victim's identification of Cecilia Chen?
In the State v. Chen case, what was the primary concern of the New Jersey Supreme Court regarding the victim's identification of Cecilia Chen?
How did the New Jersey Supreme Court modify the Henderson framework for cases involving suggestions from nonstate actors, like in State v. Chen?
How did the New Jersey Supreme Court modify the Henderson framework for cases involving suggestions from nonstate actors, like in State v. Chen?
In the context of social media and eyewitness identification, what is meant by 'lineup bias'?
In the context of social media and eyewitness identification, what is meant by 'lineup bias'?
How do Davis and Loftus (2012) characterize social media in relation to traditional mugbooks?
How do Davis and Loftus (2012) characterize social media in relation to traditional mugbooks?
What was the primary goal of Kruisselbrink, Fitzgerald, and Bernstein's research regarding the use of social media in eyewitness identification?
What was the primary goal of Kruisselbrink, Fitzgerald, and Bernstein's research regarding the use of social media in eyewitness identification?
What was a notable finding in Experiment 1 regarding the conditions under which mistaken identifications were more likely?
What was a notable finding in Experiment 1 regarding the conditions under which mistaken identifications were more likely?
How did the researchers address the limitations of Experiment 1 in Experiment 2?
How did the researchers address the limitations of Experiment 1 in Experiment 2?
In Experiment 2, what was indicated when participants could attribute the source of their recognition to the crime video alone?
In Experiment 2, what was indicated when participants could attribute the source of their recognition to the crime video alone?
What is a key recommendation for preventing contamination of eyewitness identifications that comes from the research?
What is a key recommendation for preventing contamination of eyewitness identifications that comes from the research?
According to findings, what is the effect of social media exposure compared with mugbook exposure on the confidence-accuracy relationship in eyewitness identification?
According to findings, what is the effect of social media exposure compared with mugbook exposure on the confidence-accuracy relationship in eyewitness identification?
What did the researchers conclude about subtle aspects of social media platforms in the context of the Chen decision?
What did the researchers conclude about subtle aspects of social media platforms in the context of the Chen decision?
Flashcards
Social Media Searches
Social Media Searches
Searching for images of a perpetrator online. It can impact police lineups.
Mugshot Exposure Effect
Mugshot Exposure Effect
Mistakenly identifying someone in a lineup after viewing their mugshot.
Commitment Effect
Commitment Effect
Identifying someone in a mugbook and then again in a lineup.
Familiarity Effect
Familiarity Effect
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Identity Blending Error
Identity Blending Error
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Source Monitoring Error
Source Monitoring Error
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Social Media Bias
Social Media Bias
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Confidence-Accuracy Relationship
Confidence-Accuracy Relationship
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Lineup bias
Lineup bias
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Memory Contamination
Memory Contamination
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Study Notes
Impact of Social Media Images on Eyewitness Identification
- Eyewitnesses may search social media for the perpetrator after observing a crime.
- Participants viewed an image of an innocent suspect between watching a mock crime video and participating in a lineup.
- Images were presented as either part of a social media search or a police mugbook.
- A control group did not view any photos prior to the lineup.
- The same images featured in both conditions.
- Social media profiles were designed to make the innocent suspect the only one with mutual friends.
- The innocent suspect was more likely to be misidentified when previously seen on social media compared to the control.
- Mugshot viewing also raised innocent suspect identifications, but only when the suspect's plausibility was increased.
- Participants in the mugbook or social media groups were less accurate with high-confidence suspect identifications compared to the control group.
- Viewing images of innocent people can contaminate memory, influence lineup identifications, and undermine the confidence-accuracy link.
- The keywords are eyewitness, mugbook, social media, repeated identifications, and misinformation.
Contamination of Eyewitness Memory
- Searching online for images of a perpetrator can affect subsequent attempts to identify them.
- Social media exposure can be considered a type of postevent info. with similar effects to misinformation paradigms.
- Mugshot exposure can cause eyewitnesses to mistakenly identify an innocent suspect at a later lineup.
- Exposure to mugshots of innocent persons increase mistaken lineup identifications.
- Prior exposure to an innocent suspect increases the risk of mistaken identification when they are seen again in a lineup.
- Memory contamination changes the relationship between confidence and accuracy for identifications.
- Previous exposure to a suspect can increase confidence, making high-confidence judgements unreliable.
Suggestion During Contamination
- Contamination from social media images can be amplified if certain images are suggested to the witness.
- Social media platforms associate images with information like name, location, and mutual friends, which can have a biasing effect.
- Presenting a social media profile as the only one with a mutual friend indicator could be suggestive, amplifying misidentification risk.
- Social media is characterized as a limitless mugbook with greater potential/risk for suggestion.
- Unlike mugbook views, social media searches lack supervision and safeguards to prevent suggestion.
- Law enforcement administers mugbooks, allowing policies to minimize the risk of suggestion.
- Witnesses may expect a perpetrator in a mugbook if they know it contains people who have committed similar crimes.
- Mistaken identification at a mugbook poses a risk of wrongful conviction as everyone is a potential suspect.
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